2023 Israel–Gaza war

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Revision as of 05:58, 13 November 2023 by 00 (talk | contribs) (→‎Kfar Aza: Changed 'witnesses made no mention of seeing return-fire'. This is patently untrue and has been from the start. These are really simple things, for example what i just changed has been known from the 9th of october. Assuming these are honest edits more care needs to be taken to portray an accurate picture.)
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2023 Israel–Gaza war
Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict
October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict.png
State of the conflict as of 11 October 2023.
Date7 October 2023 – present
(7 months and 1 day)
Location
Israel, Palestinian territories, Lebanon[3] and Syria[4]
Status Ongoing
  • Palestinian militants breach the Gaza–Israel barrier and attack southern Israel on 7 October
  • Israel retaliates with airstrikes, killing over 10,000, and initiates a total blockade of Gaza on 9 October
  • Israel orders Palestinians to evacuate northern Gaza, including Gaza City, on 13 October
  • Israel launches a ground invasion of northern Gaza on 27 October
Belligerents
Gaza Strip:
Lebanon:
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Strength

Hamas's Al-Qassam Brigades: 40,000 total

Oct 7 attack on Israel: Between 1,000 and 3,000[6]		 Unknown
Casualties and losses

Gaza Strip:[a]

  • 11,078 killed[b]
  • 27,490 wounded[c]
  • 2,700 missing[7]

Inside Israel:[d]

  • 1,000+ killed[10]
  • 200 captured

West Bank:[e]

Spillover:

Military:

  • 220+ Israeli soldiers,[18][19] including 23+ officers[20]
  • 41 police officers[19]
  • 8 Shin Bet members[19]
Civilians:
  • 850+ reported[18]
  • Up to 1,300 estimated by Israel[18]
  • Approximately 150 hostages taken, incl. foreign nationals[21]

The 2023 Israel–Gaza war, codenamed Operation al-Aqsa Flood (Arabic: عملية طوفان الأقصى ʿamaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā)[22][23][24] or Operation Iron Swords (Hebrew: מבצע חרבות ברזל mivtsá charvót barzél) is an ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestinian militant groups[k] led by Hamas[25][better source needed] which has involved hostage-taking, missile strikes, and an ongoing Israeli "siege" denying food and water to the Gaza Strip. The exchange was triggered on October 7 when the Palestinian fighters launched an unprecedented land, aerial, and sea-based surprise attack. Hamas fighters used explosives to break through the border fence enclosing Gaza, then crossed with motorcycles, pickup trucks, paragliders and speed boats on the coast.[26] The failure of Israeli intelligence to prevent the attack has already led to political fallout, with some Israeli commentators blaming the right-wing Likud party and its leader, prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, for the humiliation.[27] Beginning on 11 October, the Israeli ruling and opposition parties formed a national unity "war cabinet" and agreed to freeze non-essential legislation, including Netanyahu's controversial judicial reform proposal.[28][29]

Hostilities were initiated in the early morning with a rocket barrage of at least 3,000 missiles against Israel and vehicle-transported incursions into its territory.[citation needed] Palestinian militants broke through the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking nearby Israeli communities and military installations. At least 1,200 Israelis were killed, including at a music festival in Re'im where at least 260 civilians were reported dead. Israeli soldiers and civilians, including children,[verification needed] were taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip.[30] the IDF reported that Hamas had eliminated at least 23 officers, including Col. Yonatan Steinberg, Commander of the Nahal Brigade, and Col. Roi Levy, head of the special operations Multidimensional Unit.[citation needed][19][20]

After clearing militants from affected areas by October 11, Israel responded with airstrikes in the densely-populated Gaza Strip targeting strategic buildings and military targets, with 20 reported cases of bombing of civilian infrastructure, including residential buildings, mosques, hospitals and an airstrike on a refugee camp market that killed at least 60.[citation needed] According to the Health Ministry in Gaza, within the first three days at least 900 Palestinians were killed in gunfights and by airstrikes, including 260 children among civilian deaths; the IDF initially stated it killed "more than 1,500" militants inside Israel[citation needed] but has since revised the number. On 10 October, the United Nations reported that around 263,000 Palestinians, more than a tenth of the population of Gaza, have been displaced since the start of hostilities.[31] Fears of a humanitarian crisis were heightened after Israel cut off food, water, electricity, and fuel supplies to the already blockaded strip.[32] The strip has a population of roughly 2 million in an area of just 365 km2 (141 mi2), making it one of the most densely populated areas on the planet.[33][34]

The United States government announced it is supporting Israel by moving the USS Gerald R. Ford, the largest warship ever constructed, and its battle group and military jets to the eastern Mediterranean, as well as providing Israel with additional military equipment and ammunition.[35] A conflict was reported between Hezbollah and Palestinian militants in Lebanon and Israeli forces on 8 and 9 October.[36][37] Hezbollah signalled that it would not become further involved in the conflict unless Israel were to significantly ramp up hostilities in Gaza.[citation needed]

Background

Analysis

Objectives

Factors in success

About failures, I prefer not to talk at this point right now. We're in war. We're fighting.

— Lt. Col. Richard Hecht, spokesman for the IDF[38]

Countless Israeli officers have admitted that the attack took them completely by surprise and was only made possible by a number of errors on the part of the Israelis.[38][39] Analysts have cited a number of factors in the failure of Israel to prevent the incursion, including a successful military and political deception by Hamas, the present division of Israeli society due to the ongoing political crisis, tensions surrounding the status of the Jerusalem al-Aqsa Mosque,[38][better source needed] and a form of complacency or even "hubris" towards the Gaza conflict and the capabilities of Hamas.[38][40]

West Bank

Several analysts[38][39] have argued that the ongoing annexation and settling of the West Bank was a major factor in the Hamas operation's success. They stated that the Israeli government and military had been too focused on the annexation of the West Bank and had moved too many troops there to properly defend the Gaza frontier, a factor which Hamas was evidently aware of and successfully exploited.[citation needed]

Military deception

Israeli and international analysts agree that Hamas succeeded overwhelmingly in misleading Israel about its intentions, its readiness and level of military training, and its operational security. Hamas openly trained for the operation and built a "mock Israeli settlement" for training purposes, reportedly even filming their own exercises there.[39] Speaking to Reuters, one anonymous source said that "Israel surely saw [the videos] but they were convinced that Hamas wasn't keen on getting into a confrontation."[39] In addition, years of rocket attacks left Israel unprepared for a ground assault.[38] It remains unknown how Hamas was able to train for the use of motorized paragliders and other complex elements of the operation.

Egypt reportedly warned Israel that an attack from Hamas was imminent just days before the invasion.[41] Netanyahu called reports that such a warning took place "totally fake news".[41] Israeli intelligence prides itself on being able to "listen to most any phone call in Gaza" as well as its large number of informants in the city.[citation needed]

Israeli strategic response

On 17 October, American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh reported that the IDF was in disarray about how to respond, with some in Israel planning to totally "flatten" Gaza City and follow up with a ground invasion, and others who doubted the efficacy of such an operation. Hersh cited a source as saying that "the Israeli planners don’t trust their [own] infantry", who potentially possessed a "disastrous lack of combat experience". Another source of Hersh's stated, "this was a carefully planned operation, and Hamas knew exactly what the Israeli reaction would be. Urban warfare is awful."[42]

Response from Western governments

Atrocities

Israel

Palestinians take stock of the ruins of the Al-Aklouk Tower, a 14-story residential building in the al-Nasr neighborhood destroyed by Israel on October 8, 2023. The Gaza Strip has a population of roughly 2 million people in an area of just 365 km2 (141 mi2), making it one of the most densely populated areas on the planet.[33][34]

Gaza siege

On 9 October, Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant announced:

We are imposing a complete siege on Gaza. There will be no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel, everything will be closed. We are fighting against human animals, and we will act accordingly.[43]

The United Nations has condemned the siege as a violation of international law.[citation needed]

Bombings of evacuating civilians

On 13 October, Israel reportedly bombed the main road by which Gazans were attempting to "evacuate" northern Gaza according to Israeli orders.[44] The Wikipedia article on the event stated that "pro-Palestinian sources blamed Israeli airstrikes for the killing" and that the real perpetrator was "disputed" without mentioning an alternate accusation from any party. The BBC published a blurb titled "Palestinian convoy hit while fleeing northern Gaza" written entirely in the passive voice.[45]

Abuse of Prisoners

Gazan workers who were rounded up by the Israeli state directly after the 7th Oct have claimed that besides the unlawful detention they were subjected to ill-treatment, murder and torture. The eight workers that were spoken to by CNN made claims including; being subject to verbal and physical humiliation, stripped naked, held in cages, viciously beaten and, according to one worker’s account, subjected to electric shocks, with one of the workers, being quoted as saying “They broke us and beat us with batons and metal sticks… they humiliated us… they have made us starve without food or water,”, with another claiming “Some people died on the way here because they were beaten and subjected to electric shocks,”. The workers were eventually returned to Gaza on 4th November. At least six human rights organizations in Israel have filed a petition to Israel’s High Court arguing these detentions were “without legal authority and without legal grounds.”[46]

Use of banned munitions

Israel has been accused of using white phosphorus in Gaza and Lebanon by multiple organizations, including Amnesty International,[47][48] which would constitute a war crime. Amnesty claims its 'Crisis Evidence Lab' has received and analyzed evidence showing that the IDF fired white phosphorus artillery shells over the southern boarder between lebanon and Israel through the 10th to 16th October, claiming specifically; "One attack on the town of Dhayra on 16 October must be investigated as a war crime because it was an indiscriminate attack that injured at least nine civilians and damaged civilian objects, and was therefore unlawful,", as well as three other incidents.[49]

Re'im music festival

On the morning of the initial invasion, Hamas forces attacked an Israeli military base at Re'im, less than 6km (4 miles) from the Gaza border. According to videos and eyewitness reports,[50][51] Hamas allegedly committed an unprovoked attack against Israeli civilians at Supernova Sukkot Gathering, a psytrance music festival in Re'im,[50] reportedly near the military base. Israeli emergency response organization ZAKA reported that over 260 people had been killed at the festival.[52] Hamas denies targeting civilians and it is very unlikely the attack was pre-planned due to the festival organizers changing its location to the Re'im area only a couple of days before.[53]

On 10 October, Russia Today journalist Fiorella Isabel posted a widely circulated tweet claiming that IDF members had been shooting at Hamas from among the festivalgoers, along with a video which appeared to show a tank in footage recorded during the attack.[54] Eyewitnesses did not mention an IDF presence until 'a few' hours later, although did mention police and security forces and festivalgoers returning fire.[53]

Initial accounts of rape during the attack remain unsubstantiated. On 9 October, the Los Angeles Times, one source of such claims, issued a retraction.[55]

The context and motivation for the killings remain unclear.

Kfar Aza

On 10 October, a correspondent for the Israeli, Netanyahu affiliated,[56] news channel i24NEWS relayed claims from the IDF that the bodies of an estimated 40 babies deliberately killed and by Hamas had been found at Kfar Aza kibbutz.[57] No images of the atrocity were published, but one image of a bed covered with blood was widely circulated as evidence on social media. In a tweet written later that day, French journalist Margot Haddad claimed that she had personally seen "atrocious" images which corroborated the claims.[58] She also cited unspecified “courageous journalists from the foreign press” who “agreed to see with their own eyes the bodies in Kfar Aza”. Evidence of such a massacre has yet to be provided.[citation needed]

Claims that babies and others were violently beheaded are also disputed[by whom?].[citation needed]

Disputed

Al-Ahli Arab Hospital

On 17 October 2023, an explosion occurred at the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital in northern Gaza. Palestinian sources placed the death toll at between 200 and 400, whereas US intelligence agencies have put it as low as 50. Western media initially reported that the explosion was likely an Israeli strike: Hananya Naftali, an aide to Netanyahu himself, tweeted the claim shortly after the strike, and outlets such as The Guardian considered the strike to be outside the capability of the Gazans. However, the IDF later denied the accusations and claimed that it had evidence that it had been an errant rocket fired by militant group Islamic Jihad. Since then, footage of the event has been variously analyzed by experts, amateurs, and propagandists alike, and Western outlets have turned on a dime to present the issue as complex and inscrutable. Liberal commentators[who?] have responded with outrage at mainstream media outlets, claiming that their initial reporting had recklessly spread "disinformation" directly from Hamas.[citation needed]

The IDF has produced a recording of what it claims is a communication between two militants at the moment that they realized the bombing had been from their own side. The UK's Channel 4 stated that according to several Arab journalists, the recording is highly dubious on the grounds of "language, accent, dialect, syntax, and tone, none of which they say is credible."[59] Anecdotally, other Arabic speakers on social media have agreed, calling the recording an "absurd" imitation of a Palestinian accent with grammatical mistakes.[l]

Impact

The attack has already drawn comparisons to the 1968 Vietnamese Tet Offensive as well as the 1973 Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War.[60][61] These comparisons are on several grounds, among them:

  • The attacks were unexpected breaks in a low-level, static conflict where the attacking force had been previously underestimated.
  • All three were coordinated to take place on a holiday: in this case, the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah.
  • The attacks carried serious political implications for the defending country, especially causing them to re-estimate the cost of involvement:

[T]here are already signs of a political backlash in Israel. When asked by reporters why Israeli military intelligence hadn’t foreseen Hamas’ attack, an army spokesman replied, “That’s a good question.” An editorial published in Haaretz held Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu personally responsible for the attack. And even the more right-leaning Jerusalem Post conceded that a consequential political reckoning “will come” after the fighting has ended.[60]

Reactions

United States

United Kingdom

On 16 October, The Guardian fired its political cartoonist of 40 years due to a political cartoon which depicted Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu surgically excising a map of the Gaza Strip from his own body. The paper called the cartoon "antisemitic" on the bizarre grounds that it could be interpreted as a reference to the "pound of flesh" from the Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice.[62]

Opposition

UK Labour Party leader Keir Starmer voiced support for the food and water "siege" announced by Israel, stating that "she has the right to defend herself" so long as it is "done within international law." and when asked about Israel's right to cut off power and water to Gaza, Starmer claimed directly that "Israel does have that right.", neglecting to mention that the siege of gaza is itself a contravention of international law and has been condemned by the United Nations.[63] Starmers handling of the crisis lead to a growing rebellion within the labour party As of November 12th, leading to resignations of several councillors and at least one MP.[64]

The People

As of November 12th the United Kingdom has seen some of the largest protests in Europe (editor: and possibly the western world) in support of Palestine and to call for a cease-fire, with numbers ranging week-by-week from hundreds of thousands up to over a million participating in the weekly demonstrations in London, as well as smaller demonstrations in most major cities in the country.[65] The demonstrations have attracted a wide cross-section of society.[citation needed]


Multiple demonstrations have been held over factories which produce weapons and material for the Israeli military by the union movement as well as direct action by Palestine Action which vary from lock-on's and pickets to roof occupations and attempted decommissioning of the factories themselves.[citation needed]

Decommissioning consists of breaking in to an arms factory and causing as much damage as possible often making no attempt to hide identity or evade arrest. It is a time-tested and established tactic within the United Kingdom, with activists often being found not-guilty due to a british law which states breaking the law is permissible in the attempt to stop a larger crime and the sympathy juries carry in regards to the victims of Israeli war crimes.[citation needed]

Germany

As of 11 October, Germany has banned protesters from holding any rally in support of Palestine, citing "anti-Semitism" and "glorification of violence".[66] Germany has a history of banning pro-Palestine demonstrations on such charges.[67]

China

On 8 October, the Chinese foreign ministry issued the following brief statement:

China is deeply concerned over the current escalation of tensions and violence between Palestine and Israel. We call on relevant parties to remain calm, exercise restraint and immediately end the hostilities to protect civilians and avoid further deterioration of the situation. The recurrence of the conflict shows once again that the protracted standstill of the peace process cannot go on. The fundamental way out of the conflict lies in implementing the two-state solution and establishing an independent State of Palestine. The international community needs to act with greater urgency, step up input into the Palestine question, facilitate the early resumption of peace talks between Palestine and Israel, and find a way to bring about enduring peace. China will continue to work relentlessly with the international community towards that end.[68]

Colombia

Gustavo Petro, president of Colombia, made several social media posts comparing Israeli actions to the Nazi Holocaust.[69] Israel has responded by suspending military exports to Colombia.[70] The Colombian government responded by threatening to cut diplomatic ties between the two states.

Iran

The Iranian foreign ministry and permanent mission to the United Nations denied any role in the Hamas attacks and responded that such allegations were "aimed at turning public opinion (away from the facts) and at justifying the potential future actions" of the Israeli state.[71]

South Africa

The South African ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), on the 5th of November recalled their ambassador and diplomatic mission from Israel calling Israel's actions in Gaza 'genocide', with the minister of the presidency Khumbudzo Ntshavhen stating; “The South African government has decided to withdraw all its diplomats in Tel Aviv for consultation,", “disparaging remarks of the Israeli ambassador to South Africa about those who are opposing the atrocities and genocide of the Israeli government”.[72]

South Africa which has the largest jewish community in Africa and a history of solidarity with Palestine has seen many protests both in support of Israel and in support of Palestine, sometimes leading to violence between the two.[citation needed]The Palestine solidarity protests have been some of the largest seen in Cape Town in recent years, seeing tens of thousands of people attend.[73]

South Africa's largest union, The National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA), has regularly reiterated it's support for the Palestinian people and opposition towards the "Zionist Israeli settler colonial state".[74]

Notes

  1. ↑ Per Gaza Health Ministry
  2. ↑ Including:[7]
    • 4,506 children[7]
    • 3,027 women[7]
    • 678 elderly[7]
    • 198 paramedics and medical staff[7]
    • 92 UN staff[8]
  3. ↑ 70% women and children[7][9]
  4. ↑ per Israel
  5. ↑ per Palestinian Authority
  6. ↑ Per Hezbollah, Lebanon and Israel
  7. ↑ Including:
    • 70 Hezbollah fighters[12]
    • 4 PIJ fighters[13]
    • 3 Hamas fighters[14]
    • 2 Saraya fighters
    • 14 civilians[15]
  8. ↑ Per Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
  9. ↑ Including:[17]
    • 17 soldiers and militiamen
    • 2 civilians
  10. ↑ 15 soldiers and militiamen[17]
  11. ↑ The list of groups included Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Lions' Den.
  12. ↑ [1][2][3][4]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Al-Qassam fighters engage IOF on seven fronts outside Gaza: Statement". Al Mayadeen English. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  2. ↑ "Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing'". Roya News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  4. ↑ "Israel carrying out artillery strikes in Syria after mortar fire". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 11 October 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ "Hamide Rencüs: İsrail ilk defa Gazze sınırındaki kontrolü kaybetmiş durumda". bianet.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "Israel-Gaza live updates: 22 Americans among the dead". ABC News. 11 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 "محرقة غزة: 11078 شهيدا منهم 4506 طفلا و3027 سيدة اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام" (in Arabic). The Palestinian Information Center. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ "Number of UN staff killed in the Gaza Strip rises to 79". MSN. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "محرقة غزة .. 9770 شهيدا منهم 4800 طفل 2550 سيدة اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام" (in Arabic). The Palestinian Information Center. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ↑ "Israel killed at least 1,000 Gaza infiltrators, reinforcing nationwide, military says". Reuters. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Death toll across Palestine surges to 10,966, over 28,500 wounded". Wafa Agency. 9 November 2023.
  12. ↑ "Hezbollah confirms 7 members killed, brining total war death toll to 70". Ynet. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  13. ↑ "Liveblog: IDF hits over 320 terror targets in Gaza, eliminates terrorist cells in southern Lebanon". i24NEWS. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "Hamas says 3 members who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon were killed in IAF strike". The Times of Israel.
  15. ↑ "A woman and 3 children are killed by an Israeli airstrike in south Lebanon, local officials say". ABC News. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  16. ↑ "Almost 29,000 Lebanese people displaced amid clashes on Israeli border". www.aa.com.tr.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "براً وجواً.. إسرائيل تستبيح الأراضي السورية 17 مرة خلال شهر بتصعيد غير مسبوق بالتزامن مع عدوانها على غزة". SOHR. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Fabian, Emanuel (12 Oct 2023). "IDF: 361 out of 854 bodies of civilians brought to rabbinate are identified, along with 222 soldiers". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 12 Oct 2023.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 170 soldiers, 41 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Shoaib, Alia (8 Oct 2023). "2 of Israel's elite commanders and many officers have been killed in the Hamas war launched from Gaza: says IDF". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 Oct 2023.
  21. ↑ Tanno, Sophie (8 Oct 2023). "Festivalgoers, children, soldiers: What we know about the people captured by Hamas". CNN. Retrieved 12 Oct 2023.
  22. ↑ McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hundreds die and hostages held as Hamas assault shocks Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  23. ↑ Pacchiani, Gianluca (7 October 2023). "Hamas claims to fire 5,000 rockets at Israel, declares 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  24. ↑ "Hamas announces 'Al-Aqsa Storm,' claims to have fired 5,000 rockets". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  25. ↑ Beauchamp, Zack (7 October 2023). "Why did Hamas invade Israel?". Vox. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  26. ↑ Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas militant group has started a war that 'Israel will win,' defense minister says". AP News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  27. ↑ Editorial, Haaretz (8 Oct 2023). "Netanyahu Bears Responsibility for This Israel-Gaza War". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  28. ↑ Sharon, Jeremy; Keller-Lynn, Carrie; Spiro, Amy (11 Oct 2023). "After days of indecision, Netanyahu, Gantz agree to establish emergency war government". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 Nov 2023.
  29. ↑ Keller-Lynn, Carrie (12 Oct 2023). "Knesset okays war cabinet; PM: Saturday 'most horrible day for Jews since Holocaust'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 Nov 2023.
  30. ↑ McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  31. ↑ "UN says nearly 200,000 displaced in Gaza, water shortages expected". Reuters. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  32. ↑ Abu Alouf, Rushdi; Slow, Oliver (10 October 2023). "Gaza 'soon without fuel, medicine and food' – Israel authorities". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Wu, Jiachuan; Murphy, Joe; Chiwaya, Nigel (10 Oct 2023). "Gaza Strip map: How density matters in the Israel-Hamas conflict". NBC News. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Rigdon, Renee; O'Kruk, Amy (11 Oct 2023). "Maps show the extreme population density in Gaza". CNN. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  35. ↑ "US moves warships closer to Israel after Hamas attack". BBC News. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  36. ↑ "Hamas-Israel war: Israel bombards Gaza as death toll surpasses 1000 on second day of fighting – as it happened". Al-Ahram. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  37. ↑ "Israel Orders 'Complete Siege' of Gaza as Troops Battle to Secure Border Areas". The New York Times. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 Kim, Juliana (9 Oct 2023). "Hamas' attack is a staggering failure for Israel's intelligence and security forces". NPR. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Nakhoul, Samia; Saul, Jonathan (10 Oct 2023). "How Hamas duped Israel as it planned devastating attack". Reuters. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  40. ↑ Bishara, Marwan (7 Oct 2023). "From hubris to humiliation: The 10 hours that shocked Israel — Opinions". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Egypt warned Israel days before Hamas struck, US committee chairman says". BBC News. 11 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  42. ↑ Hersh, Seymour (17 October 2023). "Israel Gearing Up to Flatten Gaza". Al Mayadeen English. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  43. ↑ "Israeli defence minister orders 'complete siege' on Gaza — Hamas". Al Jazeera. 9 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  44. ↑ "Scores killed in Israeli air strikes on families fleeing northern Gaza". Middle East Eye. 13 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  45. ↑ "Palestinian convoy hit while fleeing northern Gaza". BBC News. 14 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  46. ↑ https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/06/middleeast/gaza-workers-allege-abuse/index.html
  47. ↑ "Palestinians report Israeli use of 'white phosphorus' in Gaza". Middle East Eye. 11 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  48. ↑
  49. ↑ "Evidence of Israel's unlawful use of white phosphorus in southern Lebanon as cross-border hostilities escalate". Amnesty International. 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "What to know about the deadly Hamas attack on an Israeli music festival — Israel-Palestine conflict News". Al Jazeera. 10 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  51. ↑ Cuddy, Francesca Gillet & Alice (8 Oct 2023). "Israeli music festival: 260 bodies recovered from site where people fled in hail of bullets". BBC News. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  52. ↑ Tal, Amir (8 October 2023). "At least 260 bodies found at music festival site in Israel after Hamas attack, rescue organization says". Israel at war with Hamas after unprecedented attacks. Jerusalem: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023. At least 260 bodies have been found at the site of an Israeli music festival following Saturday's attack by Hamas, according to Israeli rescue service Zaka.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Bain, Katie; Bain, Katie (2023-10-09). "Artist Manager Describes Israeli Rave Massacre: 'It Turned Into a Nightmare'". Billboard. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  54. ↑ @FiorellaIsabelM (October 10, 2023). "BREAKING Reports that Hamas wasn't targeting civilians at the music festival - The IDF were shooting at Hamas FROM the crowd of civilians. Civilians were caught in the crossfire" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  55. ↑ "Column: Who's to blame for the Hamas attack on Israel? That debate is already going off the rails". Los Angeles Times. 2023-10-09. Archived from the original on 2023-10-10. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  56. ↑ Breiner, Josh (2019-12-02). "How i24News Turned pro-Netanyahu to Secure Broadcast License". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2023-11-13.'i24 News functions as a proxy for the Netanyahu family, with directives coming directly from the Israeli Prime Minister's office at times.' ~Kareem Denis (editor: It would be nice to get together an article or page which has a quick rundown of the biases and degree of control of large news-media groupings including the ones we use as sources here, to give people a reference to parse the claims they're reading)
  57. ↑ @margothaddad (October 10, 2023). "Ça y est l'information est sortie. C'est si macabre que personne ne voulait la donner avant d'avoir eu confirmation à 100%. 🔺 Des nourrissons, des enfants de moins de 2 ans ont été décapités par le Hamas dans le Kibboutz de Kfar Aza. C'est une horreur, un massacre. Pour ceux qui demandent la source. Elles sont multiples: armée israélienne, service du renseignement intérieur et images atroces qui ont pu me parvenir et que j'ai pu recouper. Mais la meilleure source reste celle ci : des journalistes courageux de la presse étrangère qui ont pu voir / accepté de voir de leurs propres yeux les corps à Kfar Aza" (Tweet) – via Twitter. Machine translation used.
  58. ↑ @Nicole_Zedek (October 10, 2023). "Soldiers told me they believe 40 babies/children were killed. The exact death toll is still unknown as the military continues to go house to house and find more Israeli casualties" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  59. ↑ https://www.newsmax.com/world/globaltalk/joe-biden-gaza-hospital/2023/10/18/id/1138845/
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Thomas, Daniel C. (11 Oct 2023). "Hamas attack might be Israel's Tet Offensive". POLITICO. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  61. ↑ "Israel's Tet Moment". Ettingermentum Newsletter. 10 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  62. ↑ Saunders, Emma (16 Oct 2023). "Steve Bell sacked by Guardian in antisemitism row over Netanyahu cartoon". BBC News. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  63. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-67182063
  64. ↑ Adu, Aletha; Stacey, Kiran (2023-11-08). "Keir Starmer faces growing Labour rebellion over stance on Gaza". the Guardian. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  65. ↑ Khan, Aina J (2023-11-12). "'We just made history': Up to one million take part in London protest". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  66. ↑ Kerez, Timo (11 Oct 2023). "Police ban Palestinian solidarity rallies in Berlin". Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  67. ↑ Police ban Palestine demonstrations in Berlin again - Fri 12/05/23https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2023/05/berlin-palaestina-demonstration-erneut-verboten.html "Two Palestinian demonstrations in Berlin have once again been banned by the police. Both bans affect planned demonstrations this weekend in Berlin shortly before the annual Palestinian expulsion day Nakba on May 15," "In recent weeks, the police have banned several Palestinian demonstrations against Israel's policies because they expected anti-Semitic slogans and violence. The courts had upheld the bans. Previously, participants in a Palestine demonstration over the Easter weekend shouted anti-Israel and anti-Semitic slogans." "A year ago, hundreds of police officers were on duty in Neukölln all day long to ban Palestinian demonstrations"
  68. ↑ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks on the Escalation of Tensions Between Palestine and Israel". 中华人民共和国外交部. 8 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  69. ↑ Phillips, Tom (16 Oct 2023). "Israel and Colombia in ferocious diplomatic spat over Hamas war". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  70. ↑ "Israel suspends military exports to Colombia over its president's criticism of Gaza siege". AP News. 16 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  71. ↑ Presse, AFP - Agence France (9 Oct 2023). "Iran Denies It Had Role In Hamas Attack On Israel". Barron's. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  72. ↑ https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/south-africa-recalls-ambassador-and-diplomatic-mission-to-israel-and-accuses-it-of-genocide-in-gaza/ar-AA1jt16S
  73. ↑ https://www.groundup.org.za/article/tens-thousands-march-through-cape-town-in-solidarity-with-palestinians/?n=@
  74. ↑ https://numsa.org.za/2023/10/numsa-condemns-the-reckless-statements-issued-by-u-s-president-joe-biden-to-defend-brutal-fascist-apartheid-israel/
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