2023 Israel–Gaza war

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2023 Israel–Gaza war
Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict
October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict.png
State of the conflict as of 27 December 2023.[needs update]
Date7 October 2023 – present
(6 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)
Location
Israel, Palestinian territories, Lebanon[3] and Syria[5]
Status Ongoing
  • Palestinian militants breach the Gaza–Israel barrier and attack southern Israel on 7 October
  • Israel retaliates with a total blockade of Gaza on 9 October, as well as a campaign of airstrikes
  • Israel orders Palestinians to evacuate northern Gaza, including Gaza City, on 13 October
  • Israel launches a ground invasion of northern Gaza on 27 October
  • Israel begins the siege of Gaza City
  • Israel and Hamas implement a ceasefire agreement from 24-30 November, exchanging ~50 Israeli and Thai hostages for around 150 Gazan women and children from Israeli prisons
Belligerents
Gaza Strip:
Lebanon:
Other:
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Strength

Hamas's Al-Qassam Brigades: 40,000 total

Oct 7 attack on Israel: Between 1,000 and 3,000[8]

500,000+

  • 169,000 active[9]
  • 360,000 reservists being mobilized[10]
Casualties and losses

Gaza Strip:

  • 8,500+ children
  • 6,300+ women
  • 678 elderly
  • 311 paramedics and medical staff
  • 130+ UN staff[13]
  • 100+ journalists[14]

Inside Israel:[a]

  • 1,000+ killed[15]
  • 200 captured

West Bank:

  • 300+ killed[16]
  • 3,000+ wounded
Spillover:
  • Lebanon:[b]
    • 100+ killed
    • 90+ Hezbollah fighters[17]
    • 4 PIJ fighters[18]
    • 3+ Hamas fighters[19]
    • 2+ Saraya fighters
    • 17+ Lebanese civilians[17]
    • 29,000 displaced[20]
  • Syria:

Military:

  • 498 Israeli soldiers,[22][23] including 23+ officers[24]
  • 59 police officers[22]
  • 10 Shin Bet "members and veterans"[22]
Civilians:
  • Unknown number killed by IDF
  • (Up to 1,200 maintained by Israeli govt.)[25]
  • Approximately 150 hostages initially taken, incl. foreign nationals[26]
  • At least three killed by Israeli forces[27]
  • Unknown number killed by Israeli bombing, possibly 20+[28]

The Israel–Gaza war, Gaza crisis or Operation Iron Swords (Hebrew: מבצע חרבות ברזל mivtsá charvót barzél) is an ongoing humanitarian and geopolitical crisis between Israel and Palestinian resistance forces in the Gaza Strip which began in late 2023. It has involved ethnic cleansing, hostage-taking, air strikes, a comprehensive Israeli siege of the Gaza Strip, limited tank and infantry warfare, and a massive Israeli bombing campaign of Gaza which has been characterized as "terror bombing".[29] The conflict has resulted in at least 20,000 total Palestinian deaths and hundreds of Israeli military and civilian deaths. The fighting has implications for the near future of the region as Hezbollah, the Houthis, and the Islamic Republic of Iran become more involved, and the Israeli government considers an escalation on its northern border with Lebanon.[30] Numerous groups, including genocide scholars and multiple sovereign states, have condemned the IDF's actions as an ongoing genocide.[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In early 2024, the International Court of Justice ruled that the charge of genocide was plausible and ordered Israel to immediately cease all hostilities.[38] As of 27 April 2024 Israel has ignored the order and continues its assault.[39]

The current violence began on October 7, 2023 when Palestinian militants led by Hamas carried out the meticulously planned land, air, and seaborne Operation al-Aqsa Flood (Arabic: عملية طوفان الأقصى ʿamaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā).[40][41][42][e] The attack was an unprecedented success, penetrating deep into Israel and killing hundreds of Israeli soldiers (including at least 23 officers[23][24][needs update]) as well as an unknown number of civilians. The fighters returned to Gaza with around 240 live hostages[43] to be used to negotiate the release of Palestinians, many of them under 18, who were previously imprisoned by Israel.[citation needed]

After initial political fallout within Israel over this major failure of intelligence,[44] Israeli ruling and opposition parties formed a national unity "war cabinet" and agreed to indefinitely freeze non-essential legislation, including Netanyahu's controversial judicial reform proposal.[45][46] After clearing militants from affected areas by October 11, Israel responded with airstrikes in the densely-populated Gaza Strip and initiated a "siege" of Gaza, cutting off food, water, electricity, and fuel to the already blockaded strip.[47] Before Israel's attack, Gaza had a population of roughly 2 million in an area of just 365 km2 (141 mi2), making it one of the most densely populated areas on the planet.[48][49] By 10 October, about 263,000 Palestinians, more than a tenth of Gaza's population, had been displaced.[50]

Although Israel maintains it has been meticulously avoiding civilian targets, Israeli attacks have killed over 30,000 Palestinians, including 12,500[51] Gazan children at a steady rate of close to 100 per day, far higher than the average child deaths during the Afghan, Ukrainian, or Syrian conflicts. The IDF has deliberately targeted hospitals and health care workers in Gaza in order to exacerbate the humanitarian crisis caused by its bombing, land-invasion, and siege. Despite the Israeli pretext of an "evacuation" of civilians from targeted "militant" areas, even the Western press has admitted that there is "no safe place in Gaza" for Palestinians to avoid being bombed, detained, or killed without warning.[52] Western and Israeli media initially carried out intense disinformation campaigns surrounding Israel's attacks on hospitals and health care workers, particularly during the brutal siege and invasion of Al-Shifa Hospital, the largest hospital in the Strip, when the media made claims of Hamas infiltration and operations in the facility which it has since overwhelmingly retracted.[53][54][55]

Although Israeli motives for the attack are unclear and probably manifold, Israeli Jews in all sectors of society, from politicians to social media influencers, have expressed openly genocidal aims. Some[who?] have theorized that Netanyahu may be deliberately prolonging the killing in order to remain in power by staving off fallout from his controversial judicial reform proposal.

Western governments overwhelmingly support the actions of the Israeli government and continue to provide ammunition, and Western media outlets have undertaken a concerted media campaign to defend Western involvement.[56] In particular, the Israeli death toll of Operation al-Aqsa Flood, as well as the precise number of militants involved in the invasion, have been subjected to intense dispute, distortion, and outright fabrication in Western media and discourse during the entire period since October 7. Although Western media and government agencies, including US president Joe Biden, accused Hamas of rape, torture, infanticide, and other atrocities during the attack, these charges remain generally unsubstantiated and in many cases have been refuted or retracted. Many eyewitnesses, including IDF soldiers, report several instances of IDF friendly fire on Israeli civilians. According to Hamas, at least 22 of the hostages have been killed by Israel's own air strikes on Gaza.[28]

Israel's key role in Western imperialism in the Middle East initially resulted in disinformation and genocidal rhetoric throughout Western institutions. The United States has responded by moving two aircraft carriers, one of them USS Gerald R. Ford, the largest warship ever constructed, accompanied by their battle groups and military jets to the eastern Mediterranean, as well as providing Israel with additional military equipment and ammunition.[57][58] A bill currently in the US Congress would provide an additional $14 billion in aid to Israel accompanied by austerity policies domestically.[59] Hezbollah has not ruled out an intervention, but its conditions for doing so are unclear. The recent flip in terms of support from the Western media may betray hesitation on the part of the Western bourgeoisie, including a growing faction of the US ruling class which appears to consider Israel and its genocidal attack to be a liability.

Background

Main articles: Zionism, Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Gaza Strip, and Hamas

October 7 attack

The current Israeli onslaught was triggered by a coordinated Palestinian attack on Israel on the morning of October 7, 2023. After months of preparation, Palestinian militant groups[f] led by Hamas launched Operation al-Aqsa Flood[g] (Arabic: عملية طوفان الأقصى ʿamaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā),[40][41][42] an unprecedented land, aerial, and sea-based surprise attack on southwestern Israel. Hamas fighters used explosives to break through the border fence enclosing Gaza, then crossed with motorcycles, pickup trucks, and paragliders, as well as speed boats on the coast.[60] The failure of Israeli intelligence to prevent the attack led to some political fallout, with some Israeli commentators initially blaming the right-wing Likud party and its leader, prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, for the humiliation.[44] However, since 11 October, the Israeli ruling and opposition parties rule as part of a national unity "war cabinet" and have agreed to freeze non-essential legislation, including Netanyahu's controversial judicial reform proposal, for an unspecified amount of time.[45][46] The Israeli death toll of Operation al-Aqsa Flood, as well as the precise number of militants involved in the invasion, have been topics of intense dispute, distortion, and outright fabrication in Western media and discourse during the entire period since October 7. In addition, hostages were taken into the Gaza Strip, possibly numbering over 200.[citation needed]According to Hamas, at least 22 of these hostages have been killed by Israel's own air strikes on Gaza.[28] The IDF reported that Hamas had eliminated at least 23 officers, including Col. Yonatan Steinberg, Commander of the Nahal Brigade, and Col. Roi Levy, head of the special operations Multidimensional Unit.[23][24][needs update] Although Western media and government agencies accused Hamas of rape, torture, infanticide, and other atrocities during the attack, these charges remain generally unsubstantiated and in many cases have been refuted or retracted.

Timeline of events

Atrocities

Israel

Palestinians take stock of the ruins of the Al-Aklouk Tower, a 14-story residential building in the al-Nasr neighborhood destroyed by Israel on October 8, 2023. The Gaza Strip has a population of roughly 2 million people in an area of just 365 km2 (141 mi2), making it one of the most densely populated areas on the planet.[48][49]

Israel has shown ample evidence that it is deliberately targeting civilians, residential areas, and infrastructure such as hospitals, either to damage Palestinian willpower, reduce Palestinian numbers, or carry out a long-anticipated ethnic cleansing or genocide of the Palestinian refugee population of Gaza.

Gaza siege

On 9 October, Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant announced:

We are imposing a complete siege on Gaza. There will be no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel, everything will be closed. We are fighting against human animals, and we will act accordingly.[61]

The United Nations has condemned the siege as a violation of international law.[62]

Massacres of evacuating civilians

On 13 October, Israel reportedly bombed the main road by which Gazans were attempting to "evacuate" northern Gaza according to Israeli orders.[63] The Wikipedia article on the event stated that "pro-Palestinian sources blamed Israeli airstrikes for the killing" and that the real perpetrator was "disputed" without mentioning an alternate accusation from any party. The BBC published a blurb titled "Palestinian convoy hit while fleeing northern Gaza" written entirely in the passive voice.[64]

On 29 February, 2024, Israeli solders opened fire on crowds of Palestinian civilians seeking desperately-needed food aid in the southwestern section of Gaza City at al-Rashid Street. The Israelis murdered over 100 civilians and wounded roughly 750 more. This death toll was made even higher by the inability for medical aid to arrive at the location due to the deliberate bombing of infrastructure conducted by the Israeli air force.[65]

Abuse of prisoners

Gazan workers who were rounded up by the Israeli state directly after 7 Oct have claimed that besides the unlawful detention, they were subjected to ill-treatment, murder and torture.[66] The eight workers that were spoken to by CNN made claims including; being subject to verbal and physical humiliation, stripped naked, held in cages, viciously beaten and, according to one worker's account, subjected to electric shocks; according to one worker, "they broke us and beat us with batons and metal sticks… they humiliated us… they have made us starve without food or water," with another claiming "some people died on the way here because they were beaten and subjected to electric shocks." The interviewed workers were eventually returned to Gaza on 4 November. At least six human rights organizations in Israel have filed a petition to Israel's High Court arguing these detentions were "without legal authority and without legal grounds."[66]

Use of banned munitions

Human Rights Watch,[67] Amnesty International,[68] and other independent organizations[69][70][71] have determined that Israel used white phosphorus weapons in Lebanon and Gaza between 10 and 16 October, constituting a war crime. People exposed to white phosphorus can suffer respiratory damage, organ failure and other horrific and life-changing injuries, including burns that are extremely difficult to treat and cannot be put out with water, and burns affecting even just 10 percent of the body often prove fatal.[68] Amnesty cited a particular attack on the town of Dhayra on 16 October that "must be investigated as a war crime because it was an indiscriminate attack that injured at least nine civilians and damaged civilian objects," and cited at least three other similar incidents.[68]

Attacks on United Nations workers

As of November over 100 UN workers have been killed in Gaza.[72]

Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike

On 12 October, posts on social media circulated stating that the Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Porphyrius was destroyed by an Israeli air strike. The reports were disputed by Western media, who cited a Facebook post made by the church stating that the church was unharmed.[73] Regardless, Israel did target the church a few days later, killing 18 Palestinians who had been sheltering in the church and injuring several others.

On 19 October,[h] Israel bombed the Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Porphyrius in Gaza City where many Gazans had been sheltering, killing 18 Palestinians[74] and wounding many others.[75] The church was built in 1150 AD and is known to be one of the oldest Christian churches on Earth. There are contradictory reports over whether the centuries-old church itself was significantly or partially damaged; some reporting states that one wall collapsed,[74][76] while others state that the strike in fact hit a separate assembly building on the church's campus, leaving the actual historicl building mostly unscathed.[76][77]

The IDF claimed that the attack had been aimed at a Hamas command center nearby.[76]

Attacks on hospitals

Since the beginning of this round of hostilities, Israel has targeted hospitals with shelling, denying access to key materials and occupation throughout the strip but most notably against al-Shifa hospital in the heart of Gaza City.[78] As of 18 November 2023 all of the hospitals in Northern Gaza have shut down due to attacks and lack of supplies including water and power.[79]

Al-Shifa Hospital

On 18 November, after shelling, siege, attack and occupation, At 8AM al-shifa hospital complex, the largest in Gaza, was ordered to completely evacuate the 7,000 people to march south 'within the hour'. Many injured patients and medical staff were forcibly evacuated at gunpoint according to doctors and Palestinian medical officials. Around 150 patients who could not be moved without transport, including 35 premature babies, have remained at the hospital along with a handful of medical personnel.[80] The World Health Organisation (WHO) visiting the IDF occupied Al-Shifa the same day performing a 'humanitarian assessment' described the hospital as a "death zone" after officials were shown a mass grave, which had been previously exhumed by the IDF who bodies,[citation needed] with more than 80 bodies at the site and 'Signs of shelling and gunfire'.[81]

Al-Quds Hospital

Al-Quds Hospital, ran by The Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) was successfully evacuated on the 15th November "after more than 10 days of siege, during which medical and humanitarian supplies were prevented from reaching the hospital.", an attempt at evacuating the facility was made two days before but had to be abandoned after the patients and staff coming under shelling and sniper fire forcing the PRCS convoy to head back.[82] The hospitals staff and patients were being transferred to in southern parts of the Gaza Strip, according to the PRCS, who added; those hospitals are already suffering from fuel shortages and a scarcity of medicines and medical supplies.[83]

Artistic work depicting the genocidal repression and starvation faced by Palestinians in Gaza.
Al-Amal Hospital

Al Amal Hospital in Khan Yunis, the largest hospital in Southern Gaza, PRCS headquarters, and home to approximately 9,000 displaced people, lost its last source of solar energy generation on 14 November, stating; "This threatens the lives of 90 patients receiving treatment at the hospital, including 25 patients in the medical rehabilitation department who are now facing the risk of death at any moment," going on to say “the hospital now relies on a small generator for limited electricity in the maternity ward and emergency department with the remaining fuel expected to run out within 24 hours”, showing concern that the PRCS could loose communications across the Gaza Strip.[84]

Forced starvation and food shortage

Israel has intentionally denied and blocked humanitarian aid from entering the Gaza Strip. This, along with its "total blockage" and purposeful destruction of infrastructure in the area has resulted in a major famine in Gaza which marks one of the few times in recorded history where 100% of a population (numbering over 2 million) is severely food insecure. Israel's forced starvation of Gaza is especially effecting the northern section of the region.[85]

Hamas

Hostages

On 7 October during Operation Al-Aqsa Flood Hamas as well as other resistance organizations were able to take around 240 hostages, among them IDF personnel of various seniority, Israeli civilians and migrant workers from Thailand and The Philippines. According to Hamas they were held within the network of tunnels and by various resistance groups.[86] With regards to the IDF prisoners Hamas has been clear on their position of an 'all-for-all' prisoner swap in order to empty the Israeli jails of Palestinian prisoners, many of which are held without trial under administrative detention and those who are tried are subject to secretive military courts.[citation needed]

IDF hostages
Civilian hostages

A four-day truce was enacted in order to release civilian prisoners, the truce began on Friday, November 24, was extended twice, and ended on Friday, December 1.[citation needed] It ended with over 100 prisoners released from Hamas and 300 released from Israel.[citation needed] Human Rights Watch has characterized the taking of hostages as a war crime in this instance.

Migrant worker hostage

Many of the hostages taken where Thai and Filipino guest workers, an 'integral' part of Israel's economy, brought in under an agreement between the respective governments to do farm and other forms of physical labour,[87] with 'at least' 26 Thai workers help captive by resistance factions, whilst Hamas claimed after negotiations it held 23 Thai citizens which it would release without any conditions.[88] Early on in the conflict Hamas stated their willingness to return captive workers as soon as the bombardments stopped allowing for the practicalities of release.[citation needed]

As of 1 December 2023 23 Thai amd 1 Filipino national have been released throughout the cease fire without condition,[86] with one of the Thai negotiators, Dr Lerpong Sayed, stating publicly that resistance groups group “took good care” of the hostages and “set no conditions” for their return.[89]

Disputed

In the immediate aftermath of October 7, claims abounded that Hamas had committed war crimes and deliberately massacred civilians in their incursion into Israel. Central to these claims was the ultra-Orthodox[90] Israeli volunteer organization ZAKA, which claimed that among the verifiable atrocities were the beheading of infants,[91] mass sexual violence,[92] dismemberment, and the killing of pregnant women.[92] Although the organization has since been repeatedly discredited by Israeli media,[93][94] such accusations are still weaponized and treated as fact in Western propaganda.[92]

Al-Ahli Arab Hospital

On 17 October 2023, an explosion occurred at the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital in northern Gaza. Palestinian sources placed the death toll at between 200 and 400, whereas US intelligence agencies have put it as low as 50. Western media initially reported that the explosion was likely an Israeli strike: Hananya Naftali, an aide to Netanyahu himself, tweeted the claim shortly after the strike, and outlets such as The Guardian considered the strike to be outside the capability of the Gazans. However, the IDF later denied the accusations and claimed that it had evidence that it had been an errant rocket fired by militant group Islamic Jihad. Since then, footage of the event has been variously analyzed by experts, amateurs, and propagandists alike, and Western outlets have turned on a dime to present the issue as complex and inscrutable. Liberal commentators[who?] have responded with outrage at mainstream media outlets, claiming that their initial reporting had recklessly spread "disinformation" directly from Hamas.[citation needed]

The IDF has produced a recording of what it claims is a communication between two militants at the moment that they realized the bombing had been from their own side. The UK's Channel 4 stated that according to several Arab journalists, the recording is highly dubious on the grounds of "language, accent, dialect, syntax, and tone, none of which they say is credible."[95] Anecdotally, other Arabic speakers on social media have agreed, calling the recording an "absurd" imitation of a Palestinian accent with grammatical mistakes.[i]

Kfar Aza

On 10 October, a correspondent for the Israeli Netanyahu-affiliated[96] news channel i24NEWS relayed claims from the IDF that the bodies of an estimated 40 babies deliberately killed and by Hamas had been found at Kfar Aza kibbutz.[97] No images of the atrocity were published, but one image of a bed covered with blood was widely circulated as evidence on social media. In a tweet written later that day, French journalist Margot Haddad claimed that she had personally seen "atrocious" images which corroborated the claims.[98] She also cited unspecified "courageous journalists from the foreign press" who "agreed to see with their own eyes the bodies in Kfar Aza". Evidence of such a massacre has yet to be provided.

Claims that babies and others were violently beheaded are also unverified. As of 16 November 2023 Haaretz's list shows only one victim under the age of 1 years old;[99] however, according to the World Socialist Web Site on 23 November, there were no reports of deaths under the age of three, let alone any infants beheaded or roasted alive, and only seven children under the age of 7.[100]

Re'im music festival

On the morning of the initial invasion, Hamas forces apparently attacked an Israeli military base at Re'im, less than 6 km (4 mi) from the Gaza border. According to videos and eyewitness reports,[101][102] Hamas allegedly committed an unprovoked attack against Israeli civilians at Supernova Sukkot Gathering, a psytrance music festival in Re'im,[101] reportedly in the vicinity of the military base. Israeli emergency response organization ZAKA reported that over 260 people had been killed at the festival.[103] Hamas denies targeting civilians, and given that the festival's organizers moved its location only days before the event, it is very unlikely Hamas premeditated an attack.[104]

Critics have note inconsistencies in Israel's narrative about Re'im, and many cite credible evidence that at least some civilians were killed by the IDF itself. On 10 October, Russia Today journalist Fiorella Isabel posted a widely circulated tweet claiming that IDF members had been shooting at Hamas from among the festivalgoers, along with a video which appeared to show a tank in footage recorded during the attack.[105] Eyewitnesses did not mention an IDF presence until "a few" hours later, although they did mention return fire from police and security forces who were already on the scene as well as festivalgoers using weapons apprehended from the attacking militants.[104]

Several Israeli sources, including the news sites Ynet[106][107] and Mako,[108] cite testimony from soldiers and Apache helicopter pilots who claim they fired on targets which they were unable to distinguish from civilians. Ynet wrote that "the rate of fire against the thousands of terrorists was tremendous at first, and only at a certain point did the pilots begin to slow down the attacks and carefully select the targets."[107][108] It is possible that some of the "bodies burned beyond recognition" at the site were caused by such attacks.

Initial accounts of rape during the attack remain unsubstantiated. On 9 October, the Los Angeles Times, one source of such claims, issued a retraction.[109]

Kibbutz Be'eri

Max Blumenthal in The Grayzone cited eyewitness reports that the IDF fired on civilians and civilian buildings at Kibbutz Be'eri.[108]

Sexual violence

The next step was to call the manager of the sexual assault hotline in Israel’s south, which proved equally fruitless. The manager told her they had no reports of sexual violence. She described the call as a “crazy in-depth conversation” where she pressed for specific cases. “Did anyone call you? Did you hear anything?” she recalled asking. “How could it be that you didn’t?”[110]

In late 2023, mainstream Israeli and Western media began to report that Hamas fighters had carried out mass sexual violence against Israeli women, including rape and corpse desecration.[111][112][113] These authors claimed that forensic evidence such as torn clothes and even gunshot wounds to the genitals of several corpses, and testimony from multiple eyewitnesses, existed to corroborate their claims. The ultra-Orthodox volunteer organization ZAKA produced key testimony which has since been discredited along with its other allegations.[92] Public Zionists repeated unhinged and inflated versions of the reports; prominent Zionist apologist Shmuley Boteach claimed baselessly that "400 women" had been "shot in the genitals, their breasts cut off as terrorists played with their bloody breasts like a football".[114]

On December 8, 2023, the New York Times published a now-infamous article titled "'Screams Without Words': How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7" which popularized these claims and, notably, purported to demonstrate through newly uncovered evidence that such incidents "were not isolated events but part of a broader pattern of gender-based violence on Oct. 7".[112][115] In February 2024, the piece was subjected to heavy scrutiny;[116][117] critics pointed out that one of the authors of the piece, Israeli filmmaker Anat Schwartz, was self-admittedly unqualified for the job, having no journalistic background,[110] and that she had publicly liked obscene Hebrew-language posts, one of which called for turning Gaza into a "slaughterhouse" and "violat[ing] any norm on the way to victory."[118] According to The Intercept, the New York Times later cancelled a planned podcast episode on the topic due to a lack of convincing evidence.[119]

On 4 March, UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict Pramila Patten released a report[120][121] which stated that "based on the information gathered by the mission team from multiple and independent sources, there are reasonable grounds to believe that conflict-related sexual violence occurred during the 7 October attacks in multiple locations across Gaza periphery, including rape and gang rape, in at least three locations." The report itself debunked "at least two" unspecified sexual assault allegations "widely repeated in the media". The claims of the report have been subject to several detailed analyses by critical authors.[122][123] Some critics claimed it merely debunked accusations without uncovering new evidence[124] and showed a striking lack of detail, being only 17 pages long from start to finish.[120] The team announced from the start that it would "gather, analyze and verify information" and yet was "neither intended nor mandated to be investigative in nature, a mandate which is vested in other entities of the United Nations’ system", a point which Norm Finkelstein argued was self-contradictory.[123] Critics also noted Israel's uncooperation with formal investigations of the latter type, including an ongoing official UN investigation separate from the Patten delegation[125][126] (a tendency noted even in paragraph 55 of the Patten report[122][120]) whereas the Patten mission was permitted and endorsed by Israel. On various points, the authors repeated claims[127] (sometimes without attribution[122]) from ZAKA and its head, Yossi Landau, both of which have proven on several counts to be untrustworthy and prone to spreading baseless atrocity propaganda.

Impact

The attack has already drawn comparisons to the 1968 Vietnamese Tet Offensive as well as the 1973 Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War.[128][129] These comparisons are on several grounds, among them:

  • The attacks were unexpected breaks in a low-level, static conflict where the attacking force had been previously underestimated.
  • All three were coordinated to take place on a holiday: in this case, the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah.
  • The attacks carried serious political implications for the defending country, especially causing them to re-estimate the cost of involvement:
    Number of deaths incurred in the West Bank.

[T]here are already signs of a political backlash in Israel. When asked by reporters why Israeli military intelligence hadn’t foreseen Hamas’ attack, an army spokesman replied, "That’s a good question." An editorial published in Haaretz held Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu personally responsible for the attack. And even the more right-leaning Jerusalem Post conceded that a consequential political reckoning "will come" after the fighting has ended.[128]

West Bank

Even before the 7 October attacks, 2023 had already been one of the most violent on record in the West Bank, with at least 200 Palestinians and 26 Israelis killed.[130] In July, journalist Amjad Iraqi wrote in +972 Magazine of the "Gazafication" of the West Bank in reference to large-scale raids in Jenin and other camps and methods not seen in the West Bank in decades along with daily attacks from settlers, often armed.[131] The violence and atmosphere of repression has only increased since the start of the 7 October war, with mass forced expulsions of Palestinians from villages by settlers who see themselves as being "on the frontline of the war",[130] large-scale raids, airstrikes and troops deployments into the camps,[132] and mass arrests across the occupied territory with prisoners being beaten, abused and sometimes killed.[133]

As of 11 June 2023 more than 2,700 Palestinians have been arrested in the West Bank since Oct. 7, with as many as currently 2,000 detained. 4 prisoners have died due to either torture or medical neglect and hundreds more being severely beaten.[133] At least 191 Palestinians have been killed in the West Bank since the 7 October.[134]

Analysis

Objectives

Factors in success

About failures, I prefer not to talk at this point right now. We're in war. We're fighting.

— Lt. Col. Richard Hecht, spokesman for the IDF[135]

Countless Israeli officers have admitted that the attack took them completely by surprise and was only made possible by a number of errors on the part of the Israelis.[135][136] Analysts have cited a number of factors in the failure of Israel to prevent the incursion, including a successful military and political deception by Hamas, the present division of Israeli society due to the ongoing political crisis, tensions surrounding the status of the Jerusalem al-Aqsa Mosque,[135][better source needed] and a form of complacency or even "hubris" towards the Gaza conflict and the capabilities of Hamas.[135][137] Moreover, as evidence of panicked friendly fire incidents from IDF troops on Israel's own civilians continues to mount, this may indicate that IDF discipline or training had degraded in some way by the time of Hamas's surprise attack and that they were taken off guard when faced with a real combat situation.

West Bank

Several analysts[135][136] have argued that the ongoing annexation and settling of the West Bank was a major factor in the Hamas operation's success. They stated that the Israeli government and military had been too focused on the annexation of the West Bank and had moved too many troops there to properly defend the Gaza frontier, a factor which Hamas was evidently aware of and successfully exploited.[138]

Military deception

Israeli and international analysts agree that Hamas succeeded overwhelmingly in misleading Israel about its intentions, its readiness and level of military training, and its operational security. Hamas openly trained for the operation and built a "mock Israeli settlement" for training purposes, reportedly even filming their own exercises there.[136] Speaking to Reuters, one anonymous source said that "Israel surely saw [the videos] but they were convinced that Hamas wasn't keen on getting into a confrontation."[136] In addition, years of rocket attacks left Israel unprepared for a ground assault.[135] It remains unknown how Hamas was able to train for the use of motorized paragliders and other complex elements of the operation.

Egypt reportedly warned Israel that an attack from Hamas was imminent just days before the invasion.[139] Netanyahu called reports that such a warning took place "totally fake news".[139] Israeli intelligence prides itself on being able to "listen to most any phone call in Gaza" as well as its large number of informants in the city.[135]

Israeli strategic response

On 17 October, American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh reported that the IDF was in disarray about how to respond, with some in Israel planning to totally "flatten" Gaza City and follow up with a ground invasion, and others who doubted the efficacy of such an operation. Hersh cited a source as saying that "the Israeli planners don’t trust their [own] infantry", who potentially possessed a "disastrous lack of combat experience". Another source of Hersh's stated, "this was a carefully planned operation, and Hamas knew exactly what the Israeli reaction would be. Urban warfare is awful."[140]

Characterization as genocide or ethnic cleansing

Israel has repeatedly indicated it carefully avoids civilian casualties, and Zionists incessantly attribute any civilian deaths to "collateral damage".[citation needed] However, critics cite the context of Zionism's 80-year history of provoking conflicts with Palestinians and Arabs in order to expand the Jewish state, as well as countless statements by Israeli officials, as evidence that Israel dehumanizes, delegitimizes, and purposely targets Palestinian civilians.[141]

On 28 October, PM Netanyahu made an infamous remark which referenced the Hebrew Bible:[142]

You must remember what Amalek has done to you, says our Holy Bible. And we do remember.[142]

The relevant passage is 1 Samuel 15:1-9, in which God commands King Saul to go to Amalek and "kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey".[j]

According to a poll conducted in mid-October, 47% of Israeli Jews felt that Israel should "not at all" consider the "suffering of the civilian Palestinian population in Gaza" when planning its next course of action.[143]

Reporting and propaganda

Circumlocution

An article from December 2023, during the 2023 crisis in Gaza. The article body makes it clear that the "man in fatigues" is in fact almost certainly IDF.
Main article: Public relations of Israel § Language

Western news outlets have a years-long history of reporting on Israeli atrocities in tortured language which often employs the passive voice and other forms of circumlocution in order to excise words related to Israel, the IDF, or violent terms such as killing and bombing, from their headlines and copy. Choice examples include:

  • "Video shows man in military fatigues shooting mentally disabled Palestinian in West Bank"[144]
    • Article clearly states that the IDF had admitted it was responsible. Headline was later changed to include "Israeli".

Reactions and discourse

This section includes not only political reactions to the events since October 7 but also protests, public opinion, statements from political groups, and social trends.

United States

Republican Party

Democratic Party

Protests and public opinion

Another staffer said it did not occur to her superiors that some constituents would have personal ties to Gaza, which she realized when a caller said the bombardment had just killed most of his friend’s family.

"The statement we’re authorized to use doesn’t contain any sympathy," the staffer said. "It isn’t part of any statement to say, 'I'm so sorry that happened to you.'" She went off script to tell the caller she was sorry.[145]

Several polls have indicated a drop in American support for president Joe Biden since the beginning of hostilities, and at least one poll showed majority support for a ceasefire.[146][additional citation(s) needed] Dozens of protests have been held across the country, including in San Francisco, New York City, and Washington, DC.[citation needed]US Democratic congressional staffers reported that calls from constituents in support of a ceasefire became overwhelming to the point that they were told to "let it go to voicemail".[145] Some protests have also been held in support of Israel.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom, a notoriously pro-Zionist state, has seen political and social conflict over the issue as well as the deployment of anti-Semitism accusations similar to those in the United States.

On 16 October, The Guardian fired its political cartoonist of 40 years due to a political cartoon which depicted Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu surgically excising a map of the Gaza Strip from his own body. The paper called the cartoon "antisemitic" on the bizarre grounds that it could be interpreted as a reference to the "pound of flesh" from the Shakespeare play The Merchant of Venice.[147]

Labour Party

UK Labour Party leader Keir Starmer voiced support for the food and water siege announced by Israel, stating that "she has the right to defend herself" so long as it is "done within international law"; when asked about Israel's right to cut off power and water to Gaza, Starmer claimed directly that "Israel does have that right," neglecting to mention that the siege of Gaza is itself a contravention of international law and has been condemned as such by the United Nations.[148] Starmers handling of the crisis lead to a growing rebellion within the Labour Party, leading to on the 15th a vote in order to back a ceasefire, in which 56 MP's voted against the party and ten members quitting their roles, including eight shadow ministers.[149]

As of 16 November 2023, this has led to the resignations of several councillors and at least 10 MP's.[149][150]

Protests and public opinion
Protestors condemning mega-corporations' support for Israeli apartheid.

As of 12 November 2023, the United Kingdom has seen some of the largest protests in Europe (and possibly the Western world) in support of Palestine and to call for a cease-fire, with numbers ranging week-by-week from hundreds of thousands up to over a million participating in the weekly demonstrations in London, as well as smaller demonstrations in most major cities in the country.[151] The demonstrations have attracted a wide cross-section of society.[152]

Multiple demonstrations have been held over factories which produce weapons and material for the Israeli military by the union movement as well as direct action by Palestine Action which vary from lock-on's and pickets to roof occupations and attempted decommissioning of the factories themselves.[153]

Decommissioning consists of breaking in to an arms factory and causing as much damage as possible often making no attempt to hide identity or evade arrest. It is a time-tested and established tactic within the United Kingdom, with activists often being found not-guilty due to a British law which states breaking the law is permissible in the attempt to stop a larger crime and the sympathy juries carry in regards to the victims of Israeli war crimes.[154]

MPs who voted against a ceasefire have had their offices picketed in protest.[citation needed]

Germany

As of 11 October 2023, Germany has banned protesters from holding any rally in support of Palestine, citing "anti-Semitism" and "glorification of violence".[155] Germany has a history of banning pro-Palestine demonstrations on such charges.[156]

China

On 8 October, the Chinese foreign ministry issued the following brief statement:

China is deeply concerned over the current escalation of tensions and violence between Palestine and Israel. We call on relevant parties to remain calm, exercise restraint and immediately end the hostilities to protect civilians and avoid further deterioration of the situation. The recurrence of the conflict shows once again that the protracted standstill of the peace process cannot go on. The fundamental way out of the conflict lies in implementing the two-state solution and establishing an independent State of Palestine. The international community needs to act with greater urgency, step up input into the Palestine question, facilitate the early resumption of peace talks between Palestine and Israel, and find a way to bring about enduring peace. China will continue to work relentlessly with the international community towards that end.[157]

Muslim world

Iran

The Iranian foreign ministry and permanent mission to the United Nations denied any role in the Hamas attacks and responded that such allegations were "aimed at turning public opinion (away from the facts) and at justifying the potential future actions" of the Israeli state.[158]

Africa

South Africa

The South African ruling party African National Congress (ANC) recalled their ambassador on the 5th of November along with a diplomatic mission to Israel and called Israel's actions a genocide.[159] The minister of the presidency Khumbudzo Ntshavhen noted that the Israeli ambassador to South Africa had made "disparaging remarks... about those who are opposing the atrocities and genocide of the Israeli government."[159]

South Africa, which has the largest Jewish community in Africa and a history of solidarity with Palestine, has seen many protests both in support of Israel and in support of Palestine, sometimes leading to violence between the two.[160] The Palestine solidarity protests have been some of the largest seen in Cape Town in recent years, seeing tens of thousands of people attend.[161]

The National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA), the country's largest labour union, has regularly reiterated its support for the Palestinian people and opposition towards the "Zionist Israeli settler colonial state,"[162] having previously marched on the Israeli embassy in opposition to Israeli apartheid only months before.[163]

Latin America

Several Latin American countries have taken diplomatic stances due to the war and subsequent humanitarian crisis, including Colombia and Chile, who recalled their ambassadors for consultation, and Bolivia, which severed ties altogether.[164]

Colombia

Gustavo Petro, president of Colombia, made several social media posts comparing Israeli actions to the Nazi Holocaust, saying: "Someday the army and government of Israel will ask us for forgiveness for what their men did in our land, unleashing the genocide. I will hug them and they will cry for the murder of Auschwitz and Gaza, and for the Colombian Auschwitz,"[165] alluding to the Israeli training and sponsoring of far-right paramilitary organizations in Colombia.[166] Israel has responded by suspending military exports to Colombia.[167] The Colombian government responded by, along with Chile, separately recalling their ambassadors from the country; president Petro wrote, "I have decided to recall our ambassador to Israel (Margarita Manjarrez) for consultation. If Israel does not stop the massacre of the Palestinian people, we cannot be there."[164]

Chile

Chile also said on 31 October that it was recalling its ambassador to Israel in protest against Israel's "unacceptable violations of international humanitarian law."[164] Chile has a total of 500,000 Palestinian residents,[168] the most outside the Arab world.[164][168]

Bolivia

Bolivia had previously cut ties with Israel in 2009 under president Evo Morales of the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) party, but they had been restored in November 2019 among other reversals by the pro-Western illegitimate government of Jeanine Áñez. On 31 October 2023, Bolivia announced it was once again severing ties with Israel over its conduct in Gaza.[164][169] Hamas responded by saying it "holds [the decision] in high esteem," going on to urge Arab nations to do the same.[citation needed]

Notes

  1. ↑ per Israel
  2. ↑ Per Hezbollah, Lebanon and Israel
  3. ↑ Including:[21]
    • 17 soldiers and militiamen
    • 2 civilians
  4. ↑ 15 soldiers and militiamen[21]
  5. ↑ Now often referred to as October 7th, 10/7 and similar monikers.
  6. ↑ The list of groups included Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Lions' Den.
  7. ↑ Now often referred to as October 7th, 10/7 and similar monikers.
  8. ↑ One week before the bombing, some social media posts falsely claimed that the church had already been destroyed by Israel on 12 October. This misinformation is unrelated to the well-documented bombing of 19 October.
  9. ↑ [1][2][3][4]
  10. ↑ The full passage reads:

    Samuel said to Saul, [...] "Thus says the LORD of hosts: 'I will punish the Amalekites for what they did in opposing the Israelites when they came up out of Egypt. Now go and attack Amalek and utterly destroy all that they have; do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.'" So Saul summoned the people and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand foot soldiers and ten thousand soldiers of Judah. Saul came to the city of the Amalekites and lay in wait in the valley. Saul said to the Kenites, "Go! Leave! Withdraw from among the Amalekites, or I will destroy you with them, for you showed kindness to all the Israelites when they came up out of Egypt." So the Kenites withdrew from the Amalekites. Saul defeated the Amalekites, from Havilah as far as Shur, which is east of Egypt. He took King Agag of the Amalekites alive but utterly destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword. Saul and the people spared Agag and the best of the sheep and of the cattle and of the fatted calves, and the lambs, and all that was valuable and would not utterly destroy them; all that was despised and worthless they utterly destroyed.

References

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  2. ↑ "Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing'". Roya News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Jonathan Yerushalmy (April 13, 2024) "Blasts heard above Israel after Iran launches drone attack". The Guardian. Retrived April 13, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Israel carrying out artillery strikes in Syria after mortar fire". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 11 October 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ↑ "Hamide Rencüs: İsrail ilk defa Gazze sınırındaki kontrolü kaybetmiş durumda". bianet.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  7. ↑ Tzuri, Matan (30 Oct 2023). "Abducted soldier freed by IDF troops in Gaza". ynetnews. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  8. ↑ "Israel-Gaza live updates: 22 Americans among the dead". ABC News. 11 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  9. ↑ Procell, Carlie; Padilla, Ramon (14 Oct 2023). "IDF: A visual explainer on the Israeli Defense Forces or IDF". usatoday.com. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  10. ↑ Hassan, Jennifer; Taylor, Adam (10 Oct 2023). "Israel's massive mobilization of 360,000 reservists upends lives". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 30 Oct 2023. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  11. ↑ "Gaza death toll: why counting the dead has become a daily struggle". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  12. ↑ "Israel-Gaza war in maps and charts: Live tracker". Al Jazeera. 9 Oct 2023. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  13. ↑ "133 UN agency staffers killed due to Israeli airstrikes on Gaza Strip". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  14. ↑ "Gaza media office says 100 journalists killed since Israeli attacks began". Al Jazeera. 23 Dec 2023. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  15. ↑ "Israel killed at least 1,000 Gaza infiltrators, reinforcing nationwide, military says". Reuters. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Death Toll in Gaza Tops 21,000; Israeli Drone Kills Six Palestinians in West Bank". Democracy Now!. 27 Dec 2023. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
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  20. ↑ "Almost 29,000 Lebanese people displaced amid clashes on Israeli border". www.aa.com.tr.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "براً وجواً.. إسرائيل تستبيح الأراضي السورية 17 مرة خلال شهر بتصعيد غير مسبوق بالتزامن مع عدوانها على غزة". SOHR. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
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  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Shoaib, Alia (8 Oct 2023). "2 of Israel's elite commanders and many officers have been killed in the Hamas war launched from Gaza: says IDF". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 Oct 2023.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths". France 24. 15 Dec 2023. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  26. ↑ Tanno, Sophie (8 Oct 2023). "Festivalgoers, children, soldiers: What we know about the people captured by Hamas". CNN. Retrieved 12 Oct 2023.
  27. ↑ Goldenberg, Tia (18 Dec 2023). "In Israel's killing of 3 hostages, some see the same excessive force directed at Palestinians". AP News. Retrieved 27 Dec 2023.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Flanzraich, Ari (14 Oct 2023). "Hamas Says Israeli Air Strikes Have Killed 22 Hostages". WSJ. Retrieved 15 Nov 2023.
  29. ↑ Scahill, Jeremy (14 Nov 2023). "Biden's Legacy Should Be Forever Haunted by the Names of Gaza's Dead Children". The Intercept. Retrieved 15 Nov 2023.
  30. ↑ McKernan, Bethan; Kierszenbaum, Quique (27 Apr 2024). "'Everyone knows something's going to happen': fears of a new war on Israel's border with Lebanon". the Guardian. Retrieved 27 Apr 2024.
  31. ↑ "Gaza is 'running out of time' UN experts warn, demanding a ceasefire to prevent genocide". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights. 2 Nov 2023. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  32. ↑ ""Text-Book Case of Genocide": Top U.N. Official Craig Mokhiber Resigns, Denounces Israeli Assault on Gaza". Democracy Now!. 23 Nov 2023. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  33. ↑ Segal, Raz (19 Nov 2023). "Opinion: Here's what the mass violence in Gaza looks like to a scholar of genocide". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  34. ↑ Lennard, Natasha (22 Nov 2023). "Harvard Law Review Editors Vote to Kill Article About Genocide in Gaza". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 22 Nov 2023. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  35. ↑ Burga, Solcyre (13 Nov 2023). "Is What's Happening in Gaza a Genocide? Experts Weigh In". TIME. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  36. ↑ Quell, Molly (26 Feb 2024). "Majority of countries argue Israel violated international law in last historic hearing at UN court". AP News. Retrieved 27 Apr 2024.
  37. ↑ "Brazil's Lula compares Israel's war on Gaza with the Holocaust". Al Jazeera. 18 Feb 2024. Retrieved 27 Apr 2024.
  38. ↑ "ICJ ruling: Key takeaways from the court decision in Israel genocide case". Reuters. 26 Jan 2024. Retrieved 27 Apr 2024. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 60 (help)
  39. ↑ "Gaza: Attacks on humanitarian staff make vital assistance near impossible". 1Médecins Sans Frontières Australia. 29 Feb 2024. Retrieved 27 Apr 2024.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hundreds die and hostages held as Hamas assault shocks Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
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  52. ↑ {{cite web | last=Abou-Ghazala | first=Yahya | title=In Gaza, Palestinians have no safe place from Israel's bombs | website=CNN | date=13 Oct 2023 | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/12/middleeast/gaza-airstrikes-warnings-invs/index.html | access-date=27 Dec 2023}}
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  62. ↑ Nwafor, Justice (2023-10-10). "UN Declares Gaza Siege 'Prohibited' Under International Law Amid Israel-Palestine Conflict". BNN Breaking. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
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  64. ↑ "Palestinian convoy hit while fleeing northern Gaza". BBC News. 14 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  65. ↑ ‘Massacre’: Dozens killed by Israeli fire in Gaza while collecting food aid Al-Jazeera. 29 Feb 2024. Retrieved 29 Feb 2024.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/06/middleeast/gaza-workers-allege-abuse/index.html
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  97. ↑ @margothaddad (October 10, 2023). "Ça y est l'information est sortie. C'est si macabre que personne ne voulait la donner avant d'avoir eu confirmation à 100%. 🔺 Des nourrissons, des enfants de moins de 2 ans ont été décapités par le Hamas dans le Kibboutz de Kfar Aza. C'est une horreur, un massacre. Pour ceux qui demandent la source. Elles sont multiples: armée israélienne, service du renseignement intérieur et images atroces qui ont pu me parvenir et que j'ai pu recouper. Mais la meilleure source reste celle ci : des journalistes courageux de la presse étrangère qui ont pu voir / accepté de voir de leurs propres yeux les corps à Kfar Aza" (Tweet) – via Twitter. Machine translation used.
  98. ↑ @Nicole_Zedek (October 10, 2023). "Soldiers told me they believe 40 babies/children were killed. The exact death toll is still unknown as the military continues to go house to house and find more Israeli casualties" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 Blumenthal, Max (27 Oct 2023). "October 7 testimonies reveal Israel's military 'shelling' Israeli citizens with tanks, missiles". The Grayzone - News and investigative journalism on empire. Retrieved 2 Dec 2023.
  109. ↑ "Column: Who's to blame for the Hamas attack on Israel? That debate is already going off the rails". Los Angeles Times. 2023-10-09. Archived from the original on 2023-10-10. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 Scahill, Jeremy; Grim, Ryan; Boguslaw, Daniel (29 Feb 2024). "The Story Behind the New York Times October 7 Exposé". The Intercept. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
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  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schwartz, Anat; Sella, Adam; Shaar-Yashuv, Avishag (28 Dec 2023). "How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 Dec 2023. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  113. ↑ Mednick, Sam (5 Dec 2023). "New signs emerge of 'widespread' sexual crimes by Hamas, as Netanyahu alleges global indifference". AP News. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  114. ↑ Norman Finkelstein vs Rabbi Shmuley on Piers Morgan Uncensored on YouTube. See timestamp 5:30-6:00 et passim.
  115. ↑ Scahill, Jeremy; Grim, Ryan (4 Mar 2024). "Kibbutz Be'eri Rejects Story in New York Times October 7 Exposé: "They Were Not Sexually Abused"". The Intercept. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  116. ↑ "The unravelling of the New York Times 'Hamas rape' story". Al Jazeera. 2 Mar 2024. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  117. ↑ "Watch: NY Times "investigation" of mass rape by Hamas falls apart". The Electronic Intifada. 9 Jan 2024. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  118. ↑ Bolies, Corbin (25 Feb 2024). "New York Times 'Reviewing' Reporter Who Liked Gaza 'Slaughterhouse' Tweet". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  119. ↑ Boguslaw, Daniel; Grim, Ryan (29 Jan 2024). "New York Times Puts "Daily" Episode on Ice Amid Internal Firestorm Over Hamas Sexual Violence Article". The Intercept. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 120.2 Mission report: Official visit of the Office of the SRSG-SVC to Israel and the occupied West Bank
  121. ↑ "'Clear and convincing information' that hostages held in Gaza subjected to sexual violence, says UN Special Representative". UN News. 4 Mar 2024. Retrieved 7 Mar 2024.
  122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 122.2 "Here's what Pramila Patten's UN report on Oct 7 sexual violence actually said". Mondoweiss. 11 Mar 2024. Retrieved 12 Mar 2024.
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  125. ↑ Federman, Josef; Keaten, Jamey (17 Feb 2022). "Israel, citing 'bias,' won't cooperate with UN rights team". AP News. Retrieved 12 Mar 2024.
  126. ↑ Ghert-Zand, Renee (16 Jan 2024). "Israel forbids doctors from speaking to UN group investigating Oct. 7 atrocities". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 12 Mar 2024.
  127. ↑ "UN Special Representative Pramila Patten concludes her visit to Israel". GOV.IL. Retrieved 12 Mar 2024.
  128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 Thomas, Daniel C. (11 Oct 2023). "Hamas attack might be Israel's Tet Offensive". POLITICO. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  129. ↑ "Israel's Tet Moment". Ettingermentum Newsletter. 10 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 Burke, Jason (18 Nov 2023). "'These are biblical lands promised to us': Jewish settlers in West Bank hope Gaza conflict will help their cause". the Guardian. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023.
  131. ↑ Guyer, Jonathan (6 Jul 2023). "What the siege of Jenin signals about the future of Israel and Palestine". Vox. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023.
  132. ↑ The Associated Press (3 Jul 2023). "Israel stages a deadly large-scale raid on Palestinian Jenin camp in the West Bank". NPR. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023.
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  134. ↑ Burke, Jason (17 Nov 2023). "Israel kills Hamas militants in Jenin raid as violence surges in West Bank". the Guardian. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023.
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  136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 136.2 136.3 Nakhoul, Samia; Saul, Jonathan (10 Oct 2023). "How Hamas duped Israel as it planned devastating attack". Reuters. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  137. ↑ Bishara, Marwan (7 Oct 2023). "From hubris to humiliation: The 10 hours that shocked Israel — Opinions". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  138. ↑ Tarnopolsky, Noga; Rubin, Shira (2023-10-09). "Israel massed troops in the West Bank. Then Hamas attacked from Gaza". Washington Post. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 "Egypt warned Israel days before Hamas struck, US committee chairman says". BBC News. 11 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  140. ↑ Hersh, Seymour (17 October 2023). "Israel Gearing Up to Flatten Gaza". Al Mayadeen English. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  141. ↑ Reiff, Ben (30 Nov 2023). "'A mass assassination factory': Inside Israel's calculated bombing of Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 2 Dec 2023.
  142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 Lanard, Noah (3 Nov 2023). "The Dangerous History Behind Netanyahu's Amalek Rhetoric". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2 Dec 2023.
  143. ↑ "War in Gaza Public Opinion Survey" (PDF). Israel Democracy Institute. 18–19 Oct 2023. Retrieved 2 Dec 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  144. ↑ Khadder, Kareem; Alkhaldi, Celine (6 Dec 2023). "Video shows man in military fatigues shooting mentally disabled Palestinian in West Bank". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 Dec 2023. Retrieved 7 Dec 2023.
  145. ↑ 145.0 145.1 Redden, Molly (10 Nov 2023). "Democratic Staffers Told To Let Constant Calls For Cease-Fire 'Go To Voicemail'". HuffPost. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  146. ↑ "Most Americans think Israel should call ceasefire, poll shows". the Guardian. 15 Nov 2023. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023.
  147. ↑ Saunders, Emma (16 Oct 2023). "Steve Bell sacked by Guardian in antisemitism row over Netanyahu cartoon". BBC News. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  148. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-67182063
  149. ↑ 149.0 149.1 Seddon, Paul (2023-11-15). "Keir Starmer suffers major Labour rebellion over Gaza ceasefire vote". BBC News. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  150. ↑ Adu, Aletha; Stacey, Kiran (2023-11-08). "Keir Starmer faces growing Labour rebellion over stance on Gaza". the Guardian. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  151. ↑ Khan, Aina J (2023-11-12). "'We just made history': Up to one million take part in London protest". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  152. ↑ Quinn, Ben; Dodd, Vikram (3 Nov 2023). "Sunak calls Armistice Day pro-Palestinian protests 'disrespectful'". the Guardian. Retrieved 16 Nov 2023.
  153. ↑ Torre, Berny (2023-11-16). "Palestine Action activists occupy and 'ready to dismantle' Southampton arms factory". Morning Star. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  154. ↑ Zee, Bibi van der; Evans, Rob (2010-06-30). "Jury clears activists who broke into Brighton arms factory". the Guardian. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  155. ↑ Kerez, Timo (11 Oct 2023). "Police ban Palestinian solidarity rallies in Berlin". Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
  156. ↑ Police ban Palestine demonstrations in Berlin again - Fri 12/05/23https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2023/05/berlin-palaestina-demonstration-erneut-verboten.html "Two Palestinian demonstrations in Berlin have once again been banned by the police. Both bans affect planned demonstrations this weekend in Berlin shortly before the annual Palestinian expulsion day Nakba on May 15," "In recent weeks, the police have banned several Palestinian demonstrations against Israel's policies because they expected anti-Semitic slogans and violence. The courts had upheld the bans. Previously, participants in a Palestine demonstration over the Easter weekend shouted anti-Israel and anti-Semitic slogans." "A year ago, hundreds of police officers were on duty in Neukölln all day long to ban Palestinian demonstrations"
  157. ↑ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks on the Escalation of Tensions Between Palestine and Israel". 中华人民共和国外交部. 8 Oct 2023. Retrieved 11 Oct 2023.
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  164. ↑ 164.0 164.1 164.2 164.3 164.4 Agencies, Daily Sabah with (2023-11-01). "Bolivia cuts Israel ties, Chile, Colombia recall envoys over Gaza". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  165. ↑ Phillips, Tom (16 Oct 2023). "Israel and Colombia in ferocious diplomatic spat over Hamas war". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  166. ↑ Fernandez, Belen (2021-04-12). "Israel and Colombia: The ever more special relationship". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  167. ↑ "Israel suspends military exports to Colombia over its president's criticism of Gaza siege". AP News. 16 Oct 2023. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
  168. ↑ 168.0 168.1 Bartlett, John (28 Nov 2023). "'Sometimes you feel you're in Palestine': culture and cause burn brightly in Chile". the Guardian. Retrieved 7 Dec 2023.
  169. ↑ Ramos, Daniel (1 Nov 2023). "Bolivia severs ties with Israel, others recall envoys over Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 7 Dec 2023.
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