Syrian Civil War

From Leftypedia
Revision as of 22:49, 17 October 2023 by DieLinke132 (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main |conflict=Syrian civil war |image=300px<br />300px | image_size = |caption='''Top:''' A ruined neighborhood in Raqqa in 2017.<br />'''Bottom: Military situation in 9 September 2021:'''{{Update inline|date=June 2023}}<br/> {{legend0|#ECB4B4|Syrian Arab Republic (SAA)}} {{legend0|#F5B678|Syrian Arab Republic &...")
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Syrian civil war
Part of the Arab Spring, Arab Winter, the spillover of the War in Iraq, war against the Islamic State, war on terror, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the Kurdish–Turkish conflict
File:Destroyed neighborhood in Raqqa.png
File:Syrian Civil War map.svg
Top: A ruined neighborhood in Raqqa in 2017.
Bottom: Military situation in 9 September 2021:[needs update]

Template:Legend0 Template:Legend0 Template:Legend0 Template:Legend0 Template:Legend0

Template:Legend0 Template:Legend0
(full list of combatants, detailed map)
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 2 months and 5 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing, ceasefire since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
Territorial
changes		 As of 31 March 2020: the Syrian Armed Forces held 63.57% of Syrian territories; SDF 25.57%; rebel groups (incl. HTS) & Turkey 9.72%; Islamic State 1.14%[32]Template:Bcn
Main belligerents
 Iran
 Russia
(2015–present)
 Hezbollah
Support:
Support:
File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg CJTF–OIR
(2014–present)

File:Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg Al-Tanf deconfliction zone (Revolutionary Commando Army) (2015–present)

Support:
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
See Order of Battle
Strength
Syrian Armed Forces: 142,000 (2019)[33]
General Intelligence Directorate: 8,000[34]
National Defense Force: 80,000[35]
Liwa Fatemiyoun: 10,000–20,000 (2018)[36]
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas: 10,000+(2013)[37]
Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000
Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000–8,000
Russia: 4,000 troops[38] & 1,000 contractors[39]

Iran: 3,000–5,000[40][41]
Iranian forces:up to 15,000[42]
Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[40]
Other allied groups: 20,000+

Free Syrian Army: 20,000–32,000[43] (2013)
Syrian Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[44][45] (2014)
Other groups: 12,500[46] (2015)
Turkish Armed Forces: 4,000–8,000[47][48]

Ahrar al-Sham: 18,000–20,000+[49][50] (March 2017)

Tahrir al-Sham: 20,000–30,000 (per U.S., late 2018)[51]		 Islamic State: 10,000+ (in Syria and Iraq, 2022) [52]

SDF: 60,000–75,000 (2017 est.)[53]

  • YPG & YPJ: 20,000–30,000 (2017 est.)[54]
  • Syriac Military Council (MFS): 1,000 (2017 est.)[55]
  • Al-Sanadid Forces: 2,000–4,000 (2017 est.)[55]
  • SDF Military Councils: 10,000+[56][57][58]
United States Armed Forces:
900[59]
Casualties and losses
Template:Country data SyriaTemplate:Namespace detect showall Syrian Arab Republic:
91,929–104,332 soldiers & 67,349 militiamen killed[60][61]
4,100 soldiers/militiamen & 1,800 supporters captured[60]
InfoboxHez.PNG Hezbollah:
1,736–2,000 killed[60][62]
Russia Russia:
137–160 soldiers killed & 266–284 PMCs killed[63]
Other non-Syrian fighters:
8,700+ killed[60] (2,300–3,500+ IRGC-led)[64][65]
Total:
170,045–182,777 killed

Template:Country data Syrian oppositionTemplate:Namespace detect showall Syrian Interim Government
File:Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government.svg Syrian Salvation Government:
111,927–152,524 killed[60][61]

Template:Country data TurkeyTemplate:Namespace detect showall Turkey:
256–313 killed (2016–20 incursions)[66]		 Template:Country data Islamic State of Iraq and the LevantTemplate:Namespace detect showall Islamic State:
41,266 killed[60]

File:De facto SA-NES Flag.svg NES:
14,334 killed[60]
File:Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg PKK:
3,200+ killed[22]

File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg CJTF–OIR:
13 killed[67] (United States 10, United Kingdom 1, France 1, Template:Country data JordanTemplate:Namespace detect showall 1)

At least 306,887 civilians killed (per United Nations)[68]

100 other foreign soldiers killed (Template:Country data LebanonTemplate:Namespace detect showall 60, Template:Country data TurkeyTemplate:Namespace detect showall 17 (pre-2016), Template:Country data IraqTemplate:Namespace detect showall 16, Template:Country data JordanTemplate:Namespace detect showall 7)

Total killed:
503,064–613,407+ (per SOHR)[60]
580,000+ (per GCR2P)[69]

Estimated 6.7 million internally displaced & 6.6 million refugees (March 2021)[70]
  1. ↑ Iraq's involvement was coordinated with the Assad gov. & was only limited to airstrikes against IS.[1][2]
  2. ↑ HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent Islamist entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.[9] After coming to power in Idlib, HTS banned Al-Qaeda activities in its territories:[10]
  3. ↑ Hurras al-Din (HaD) is the successor organization of Al-Nusra Front and the current branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria.
  4. ↑ Israel provided arms to 12 unnamed rebel groups solely against Iran and ISIS.[30] Israel has also conducted multiple airstrikes against the Syrian government, Hezbollah, and Iranian positions within Syria.[31]
  1. ↑ Karadsheh, Jomana; Alkhshali, Hamdi (24 February 2017). "Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria". CNN. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  2. ↑ "Damascus allows Iraq to hit ISIL targets in Syria: State media". Al Jazeera English. 30 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Maclean, William; Finn, Tom (27 November 2016). "Qatar will help Syrian rebels even if Trump ends U.S. role". Reuters.
  4. ↑ "Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels". AFP. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  5. ↑ Chivers, C. J.; Schmitt, Eric; Mazzetti, Mark (June 21, 2013). "In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons". The New York Times.
  6. ↑ "Victory for Assad looks increasingly likely as world loses interest in Syria". The Guardian. 31 August 2017. Returning from a summit in the Saudi capital last week, opposition leaders say they were told directly by the foreign minister, Adel al-Jubeir, that Riyadh was disengaging.
  7. ↑ "Britain withdraws last of troops training Syrian rebels as world powers distance themselves from opposition". The Daily Telegraph. 2 September 2017.
  8. ↑ "Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials". Reuters. 19 July 2017.
  9. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (10 February 2017). "Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  10. ↑ Solomon, Christopher (13 July 2022). "HTS: Evolution of a Jihadi Group". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  11. ↑ Cafarella, Jennifer (2014). "Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda" (PDF). Middle East Security Report 25. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of War: 8–46. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2022.
  12. ↑ Alkhshali, Hamdi; Starr, Barbara (28 February 2017). "Deputy al Qaeda leader killed In Syria". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022.
  13. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (21 September 2021). "U.S. targets suspected al Qaeda leader in Idlib, Syria". Archived from the original on 23 September 2021.
  14. ↑ "Operation IMPACT". Government of Canada.
  15. ↑ Barton, Rosemary (26 November 2015). "Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight". CBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  16. ↑ "France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria". The New York Times. 28 September 2015.
  17. ↑ "Iraq Air Force Bombs ISIS in Syria for First Time".
  18. ↑ "Saudi Arabia, UAE send troops to support Kurds in Syria". Middle East Monitor. 22 November 2018.
  19. ↑ "The UAE has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. 22 February 2017. Along with their American counterparts, Emirati special forces are said to be training elements of the opposition. They constitute a kind of Arab guarantee among the Syrian Democratic Forces – an umbrella group dominated by the Kurds of the PYD, on whom the US are relying to fight IS on the ground.
  20. ↑ Watson, Ivan; Tuysuz, Gul (29 October 2014). "Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority". CNN. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  21. ↑ A. Jaunger (30 July 2017). "US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria". ARA News. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Inside Syria Media Center.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade". SOHR. 9 December 2020.
  23. ↑ "The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat". ABC News.
  24. ↑ Manson, Katrina (2017-05-18). "US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria". Financial Times. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Amir Toumaj; Caleb Weiss (3 June 2017). "Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria". Long War Journal. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  26. ↑ "British special forces 'operating inside Syria alongside rebelsTemplate:'", The Daily Telegraph, 6 June 2016
  27. ↑ Komar, Rao (31 May 2016). "The New Syrian Army: America's 'Tip of the Spear' Against ISIS in the Syrian Desert". Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  28. ↑ "Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  29. ↑ Gross, Judah Ari. "IDF chief finally acknowledges that Israel supplied weapons to Syrian rebels". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  30. ↑ "Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  31. ↑ al-Khalidi, Suleiman. "Israel intensifying air war in Syria against Iranian encroachment". Reuters.
  32. ↑ @Suriyakmaps (31 March 2020). "Syria-Irak-Yemen-Libya maps" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  33. ↑ "Syria military strength". Global Fire Power. 8 July 2019.
  34. ↑ "Syria's diminished security forces". Agence France-Presse. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  35. ↑ ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria The Daily Star, 16 June 2014
  36. ↑ Ahmad Shuja Jamal (13 February 2018). "Mission Accomplished? What's Next for Iran's Afghan Fighters in Syria". War on the Rocks. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  37. ↑ "Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines". The Guardian. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  38. ↑ "Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people". Business Insider.
  39. ↑ Grove, Thomas (18 December 2015). "Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say". The Wall Street Journal.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Iran 'Foreign Legion' Leads Battle in Syria's North". The Wall Street Journal. 17 February 2016.
  41. ↑ "State-of-the-art technology is giving Assad's army the edge in Syria". The Independent. 26 February 2016.
  42. ↑ Phillips, Christopher (2022). "13: Intervention and non-intervention in the Syria Crisis". In Turner, Mandy; Kühn, Florian P. (eds.). The Politics of International Intervention: The Tyranny of Peace. New York, N.Y.: Springer. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-138-89127-2.
  43. ↑ "Here's The Extremist-To-Moderate Spectrum Of The 100,000 Syrian Rebels". Business Insider.
  44. ↑ "Front to Back". Foreign Policy.
  45. ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent.
  46. ↑ Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on?. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  47. ↑ Şafak, Yeni (5 January 2017). "8 bin asker emir bekliyor". Yeni Şafak.
  48. ↑ "US Assistant Secretary of Defense tells Turkey only ISIS is a target, not Kurds". ARA News. 16 January 2017.
  49. ↑ "Is Syria's Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?". Asia Times.
  50. ↑ "Al Qaeda Is Starting to Swallow the Syrian Opposition". Foreign Policy. 15 March 2017.
  51. ↑ Stewart, Phil (4 September 2018). "Top U.S. general warns against major assault on Syria's Idlib". Reuters.
  52. ↑ "Syria in ISIS's Strategy – Can ISIS be defeated without a solution in Syria?". The Henry L. Stimson Center. 11 October 2022.
  53. ↑ Rashid (2018), p. 7.
  54. ↑ Rashid (2018), p. 16.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Rashid (2018), p. 53.
  56. ↑ "US coalition spokesman: Arabs are leading Manbij campaign, not Kurds". ARA News. 4 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  57. ↑ "US-backed fighters close in on IS Syria bastion". AFP. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  58. ↑ Rodi Said (25 August 2017). "U.S.-backed forces to attack Syria's Deir al-Zor soon: SDF official". Reuters.
  59. ↑ Liebermann, Oren (March 31, 2023). "US bolsters forces in Middle East following series of attacks on US troops in Syria". CNN.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.5 60.6 60.7 "نحو 614 ألف شخص قضوا وقتلوا واستشهدوا منذ اندلاع الثورة السورية في آذار 2011". SOHR. 15 March 2023.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Tantalizing promises of Bashar al- Assad kill more than 11000 fighters of his forces during 5 months". SOHR. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  62. ↑ "On Balance, Hezbollah Has Benefited from the Syrian Conflict". The Soufan Group. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  63. ↑ 151–201 killed (2015–17),[1][2][3] 14–64 killed (Battle of Khasham, Feb. 2018),[4][5] 18 killed (May 2018 – June 2019),[6][7][8][9][10][11] total of 183–283 reported dead
  64. ↑ "IRGC Strategist Hassan Abbasi Praises Iranian Parents Who Handed Over Their Oppositionist Children For Execution: Educating People To This Level Is The Pinnacle Of The Islamic Republic's Achievement; Adds: 2,300 Iranians Have Been Killed In Syria War". MEMRI.
  65. ↑ الشامية, محرر الدرر (30 August 2017). "عميد إيراني يكشف عن إحصائية بأعداد قتلى بلاده في سوريا". الدرر الشامية. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  66. ↑ 72 killed in Operation Euphrates Shield, 61–96 killed in Operation Olive Branch, 70–84 killed in Idlib buffer zone, 18 killed in Operation Peace Spring, 16–24 killed after Operation Spring Shield, 2 killed after Operation Euphates Shield, total of 239–296 reported killed (for more details see here)
  67. ↑ "Pilot killed as U.S. F-16 crashes in Jordan".
    "Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear". BBC News. 4 February 2015.
    "US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia". ABC News. 27 May 2017.
    "US identifies American service member killed by IED in Syria". ABC News. 27 May 2017.
    "French soldier killed in Iraq-Syria military zone, Élysée Palace says". France24. 27 May 2017.
    "4 Americans among those killed in Syria attack claimed by ISIS". CNN. 27 May 2017.
    "Mystery surrounds the killing of a US soldier in the countryside of Ayn al-Arab (Kobani) amid accusations against Turkey of targeting him". Syrian Observatory of Human Rights. 2 May 2019.
    "US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia". ABC News. 27 May 2017.
    "Army identifies U.S. soldier killed in Syria". The Washington Times. 27 January 2020.
    "Pentagon identifies US soldier killed in Syria". The Hill. 23 July 2020.
  68. ↑ "UN: UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  69. ↑ "Syria". Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023.
  70. ↑ "Syria emergency". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
Retrieved from "https://wiki.leftypol.org/index.php?title=Syrian_Civil_War&oldid=17157"