Syrian Civil War

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{{Infobox military conflict |conflict=Syrian civil war |image= | image_size= |caption= |partof= |date=15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 2 months and 5 days) |place=Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries) |status= Ongoing, ceasefire since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes |territory=As of 31 March 2020: the Syrian Armed Forces held 63.57% of Syrian territories; SDF 25.57%; rebel groups (incl. HTS) & Turkey 9.72%; Islamic State 1.14%[1]Template:Bcn

|combatants_header=Main belligerents

|combatant1=

Template:Country data SyriaTemplate:Namespace detect showall Syrian Arab
Republic

 Iran
 Russia
(2015–present)
 Hezbollah

Support:

|combatant2=

File:Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg Syrian
Interim Government (Syrian National Army)
Template:Country data Turkey (2016–present)
Support:
File:Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government.svg Syrian
Salvation Government (Tahrir al-Sham, 2017–present)[b]

|combatant3=

File:Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg Al-Qaeda[12][13]

File:Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg Al-Nusra Front
(2012–2016)
File:Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg Al-Qaeda loyalists (2016-2018)

File:Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg Hurras al-Din[c]
(2018–present)[14]
Support:
Template:Country data ISILTemplate:Namespace detect showall Islamic State
(2013–present)

|combatant4=

File:De facto SA-NES Flag.svg Autonomous
Administration of North and East Syria (SDF) (2012–present)
File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg CJTF–OIR
(2014–present)

File:Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg Al-Tanf deconfliction zone (Revolutionary Commando Army) (2015–present)

Support:

|commander1=

|commander2=

|commander3=

|commander4=

  1. ↑ @Suriyakmaps (31 March 2020). "Syria-Irak-Yemen-Libya maps" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  2. ↑ Karadsheh, Jomana; Alkhshali, Hamdi (24 February 2017). "Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria". CNN. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  3. ↑ "Damascus allows Iraq to hit ISIL targets in Syria: State media". Al Jazeera English. 30 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  4. ↑ Maclean, William; Finn, Tom (27 November 2016). "Qatar will help Syrian rebels even if Trump ends U.S. role". Reuters.
  5. ↑ "Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels". AFP. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  6. ↑ Chivers, C. J.; Schmitt, Eric; Mazzetti, Mark (June 21, 2013). "In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons". The New York Times.
  7. ↑ "Victory for Assad looks increasingly likely as world loses interest in Syria". The Guardian. 31 August 2017. Returning from a summit in the Saudi capital last week, opposition leaders say they were told directly by the foreign minister, Adel al-Jubeir, that Riyadh was disengaging.
  8. ↑ "Britain withdraws last of troops training Syrian rebels as world powers distance themselves from opposition". The Daily Telegraph. 2 September 2017.
  9. ↑ "Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials". Reuters. 19 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (10 February 2017). "Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  11. ↑ Solomon, Christopher (13 July 2022). "HTS: Evolution of a Jihadi Group". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  12. ↑ Cafarella, Jennifer (2014). "Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda" (PDF). Middle East Security Report 25. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of War: 8–46. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2022.
  13. ↑ Alkhshali, Hamdi; Starr, Barbara (28 February 2017). "Deputy al Qaeda leader killed In Syria". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022.
  14. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (21 September 2021). "U.S. targets suspected al Qaeda leader in Idlib, Syria". Archived from the original on 23 September 2021.
  15. ↑ "Operation IMPACT". Government of Canada.
  16. ↑ Barton, Rosemary (26 November 2015). "Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight". CBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  17. ↑ "France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria". The New York Times. 28 September 2015.
  18. ↑ "Iraq Air Force Bombs ISIS in Syria for First Time".
  19. ↑ "Saudi Arabia, UAE send troops to support Kurds in Syria". Middle East Monitor. 22 November 2018.
  20. ↑ "The UAE has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. 22 February 2017. Along with their American counterparts, Emirati special forces are said to be training elements of the opposition. They constitute a kind of Arab guarantee among the Syrian Democratic Forces – an umbrella group dominated by the Kurds of the PYD, on whom the US are relying to fight IS on the ground.
  21. ↑ Watson, Ivan; Tuysuz, Gul (29 October 2014). "Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority". CNN. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  22. ↑ A. Jaunger (30 July 2017). "US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria". ARA News. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Inside Syria Media Center.
  23. ↑ "On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade". SOHR. 9 December 2020.
  24. ↑ "The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat". ABC News.
  25. ↑ Manson, Katrina (2017-05-18). "US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria". Financial Times. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Amir Toumaj; Caleb Weiss (3 June 2017). "Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria". Long War Journal. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  27. ↑ "British special forces 'operating inside Syria alongside rebelsTemplate:'", The Daily Telegraph, 6 June 2016
  28. ↑ Komar, Rao (31 May 2016). "The New Syrian Army: America's 'Tip of the Spear' Against ISIS in the Syrian Desert". Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  29. ↑ "Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  30. ↑ Gross, Judah Ari. "IDF chief finally acknowledges that Israel supplied weapons to Syrian rebels". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  31. ↑ "Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  32. ↑ al-Khalidi, Suleiman. "Israel intensifying air war in Syria against Iranian encroachment". Reuters.


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