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...ver, many Austrian ideas, notably the unfalsifiable [[marginalism|marginal theory of price]], have become instrumental to modern economic orthodoxy. ...oped ideas such as [[marginalism|marginal utility]] and [[subjective value theory]].

=== Labour Theory of Value === ...x is most associated with the LTV even though he never described his value theory as such.

...hment of a system of economic knowledge was directly tied to the advent of political economy as a science. ...into a reactionary class contributed to the emergence of vulgar bourgeois political economy, which supplanted the analysis of the internal laws of the capitali

...the [[commodity]] produced, and it is a key element of Marx's critique of political economy and [[capitalism]] as a whole. In other words, surplus value is the In "[[An Introduction to Marxist Economic Theory]]," Marxist economist [[Ernest Mandel]] argues:

...resolving the contradiction between the [[labour theory of value]] and the theory of exploitation: ...– was largely wrecked on the insolubility of this contradiction. Classical political economy had run itself into a blind alley. The man who discovered the way o

.../eregime.su eRegime], a website run by Ismail that is largely used to play political simulations on. It hosts /marx/, which was a board recreated on this websit *[https://colddarkstars.wordpress.com/ Cold and Dark Stars], Leftist theory by an atmospheric scientist.

...n Chapter 12 to break away from the object-subject dualism of practice and theory and thus merge it (hinting at the philosophical works of [[Kitaro Nishida]] ...ts have been in this quote, "a Mechanical addition of the second political theory to the third will not, by itself, lead us anywhere. Only in retrospect can

...gy. Stalin coined the term to describe an ideology which considers Lenin's political thought to be a necessary development of Marxism, and made the term popular ...and the 1936 Soviet Constitution represented some of the most progressive political advancements in history.

...anationalism and (in most instances) racism with a Stalin-era economic and political model. ===The Fourth Political Theory===

* [[Political catgirls]] ...xist]] computer scientist and economist [[William Paul Cockshott]] and his theory of [[cybernetics|cybernetic]] socialism (frequently memed from 2017 onwards

...cottish Enlightenment]] [[philosophy|philosopher]] and [[political economy|political economist]] who is best known as the author of ''[[The Wealth of Nations|An Smith's economic theory reflected the historical conditions of the development of [[England|English

...gy. Stalin coined the term to describe an ideology which considers Lenin's political thought to be a necessary development of [[Marxism]], and made the term pop ...munist parties]] around the world began to adopt Marxism–Leninism as their political line, and Marxism–Leninism was the main theoretical framework which guide

...nd an opposition to [[unjust hierarchy]]. Anarchism has its origins in the theory of the 19th-century French radical [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]] and was first While some anarchists take influence from [[Marxist]] [[theory]], others find Marxist thought and practice to be seriously flawed, and alm

{{quote|The title is '''''Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'''''. The first volume comprises the [[Capital Volume I|First Book] ...is and critique of the [[capitalism|capitalist system]] and the field of [[political economy]] published in three complete volumes. While Marx did not live to p

...al, and ideological '''superstructure'''. The model portrays human social, political, and legal structures as arising from the production and reproduction of ma ...ment finally asserts itself as necessary. Otherwise the application of the theory to any period of history would be easier than the solution of a simple equa

...t great [[German idealism|German idealist]]. He made his impact on leftist theory mainly through his influence on the [[Young Hegelians]], among which [[Karl ...one mainly through the application of [[wikipedia:category theory|category theory]], another notoriously difficult and abstract field of study.<ref>Work of t

...gainst existing institutions, and attempts at forming a liberal social and political system. Liberalism is sometimes referred to as '''classical liberalism''' t ...[[ideology]] that permeates the modern world. The vast majority of extant political tendencies, including [[social liberalism]], [[progressivism]], [[social co

{{marxism sidebar}}In [[Marxist]] theory, '''exploitation''' is the appropriation of the labor product of one [[clas ...he [[capitalist]]s rule supreme. Thus exploitation is the common thread of political struggles throughout history.

...[[Left-communists]] and [[anarchists]] are some notable critics of Lenin's theory and practice. Willi Münzenberg, a German Communist political activist and publisher who knew Lenin, wrote about his return to Russia aft

'''Political correctness''' is the avoidance of speech that could be construed as insens ...f [[idealist]] means of social change like sociolinguistics and [[critical theory]] combined with the social analysis of [[identity politics]]. {{cn}} This s