System
A system is a group of interacting components that form a unified whole.
In a complex system, the behavior of a system as a whole cannot be predicted from the behavior of its individual components. Instead, it emerges at a higher level from the interactions between them.
The study of complex systems requires a holistic rather than reductionist approach.
Systems thinking has gained traction in the natural sciences. However, reductionism is still rampant in mainstream economics, despite the complex nature of the economy. Neoclassical economics follows the principle methodological individualism, or economic reductionism, in order to arrive at ideologically desirable results and justify government policies that benefit the ruling class.
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