Syrian Civil War: Difference between revisions

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|place=[[Syria]] (with [[Spillover of the Syrian civil war|spillovers]] in neighboring countries)
|place=[[Syria]] (with [[Spillover of the Syrian civil war|spillovers]] in neighboring countries)
|status= [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]], [[ceasefire]] since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
|status= [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]], [[ceasefire]] since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
|territory=As of 31 March 2020: the [[Syrian Armed Forces]] held 63.57% of Syrian territories; [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]] 25.57%; rebel groups (incl. [[Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]) & [[Turkey]] 9.72%; [[Islamic State]] 1.14%<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Suriyakmaps|number=1245062624779350017 |date=31 March 2020 |title=Syria-Irak-Yemen-Libya maps}}</ref>{{bcn|date= May 2023}}
|territory=


|combatants_header=[[Belligerents in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|Main belligerents]]
|combatants_header=[[Belligerents in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|Main belligerents]]
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| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:
| title=Support:
| {{flag|Iraq|size=22px}} (2017–2019){{efn|Iraq's involvement was coordinated with the Assad gov. & was only limited to airstrikes against IS.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karadsheh |first1=Jomana |last2=Alkhshali |first2=Hamdi |title=Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/24/middleeast/iraq-conducts-first-airstrikes-against-isis-in-syria/index.html |access-date=8 December 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Damascus allows Iraq to hit ISIL targets in Syria: State media |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/damascus-iraq-hit-isil-targets-syria-state-media-181230172409718.html |access-date=8 December 2022 |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=30 December 2018}}</ref>}}
| {{flag|Iraq|size=22px}} (2017–2019) </div>
}}


|combatant2=<div style="width:100px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Interim Government|Syrian<br />Interim Government]]''' ([[Syrian National Army]])<br/>'''{{flag|Turkey|size=22px}}''' (2016–present)
|combatant2=<div style="width:100px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Interim Government|Syrian<br />Interim Government]]''' ([[Syrian National Army]])<br/>'''{{flag|Turkey|size=22px}}''' (2016–present)
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:<!-- DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE. -->
| title=Support:
| {{flag|Qatar|size=22px}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-qatar-idUSKBN13L0X7|title=Qatar will help Syrian rebels even if Trump ends U.S. role|first1=William |last1=Maclean |first2=Tom |last2=Finn|date=27 November 2016|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|'''Former support:'''
|'''Former support:'''
| {{flag|France|1974|size=22px}} (2011–18)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.enca.com/hollande-confirms-french-delivery-arms-syrian-rebels|title=Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels|date=21 August 2014|access-date=25 January 2015|agency=AFP}}</ref>
| {{flag|France|1974|size=22px}} (2011–18)
| {{flag|Libya|size=22px}} (2013)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chivers |first1=C. J. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Mazzetti |first3=Mark |author-link1=C. J. Chivers |author-link2=Eric P. Schmitt |author-link3=Mark Mazzetti |title=In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/world/africa/in-a-turnabout-syria-rebels-get-libyan-weapons.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>
| {{flag|Libya|size=22px}} (2013)
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<br />(2012–17)<ref name="Saudi">{{cite news|work=[[The Guardian]]|quote=Returning from a summit in the Saudi capital last week, opposition leaders say they were told directly by the foreign minister, Adel al-Jubeir, that Riyadh was disengaging.|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/31/victory-for-assad-looks-increasingly-likely-as-world-loses-interest-in-syria|title=Victory for Assad looks increasingly likely as world loses interest in Syria|date=31 August 2017}}</ref>
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<br />(2011–18)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/02/british-troops-halt-training-syrian-rebels-world-powers-distance/|date=2 September 2017|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|title=Britain withdraws last of troops training Syrian rebels as world powers distance themselves from opposition}}</ref>
| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=22px}} [[United States]]<br />(2011–17)<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-usa-syria-idUSKBN1A42KC|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=19 July 2017}}</ref>}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=22px}} [[United States]]<br />(2011–17)
</div>
</div>
----
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<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Salvation Government|Syrian<br />Salvation Government]]''' ([[Tahrir al-Sham]], 2017–present){{efn| HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent [[Islamist]] entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-leader-calls-for-unity-in-syrian-insurgency.php|title=Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency|work=Long War Journal|first=Thomas|last=Joscelyn|date=10 February 2017|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216005715/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-leader-calls-for-unity-in-syrian-insurgency.php|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> After coming to power in Idlib, HTS banned Al-Qaeda activities in its territories:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hts-evolution-jihadist-group|title=HTS: Evolution of a Jihadi Group|work=Long War Journal|first=Christopher|last=Solomon|date=13 July 2022|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808015803/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hts-evolution-jihadist-group|archive-date=8 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>}}</div>
<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Salvation Government|Syrian<br />Salvation Government]]''' ([[Tahrir al-Sham]], 2017–present){{efn| HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent [[Islamist]] entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.</div>


<!--Only list notable Islamist groups; use talk page first-->
|combatant3=<div style="width:120px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front ]]<br/>(2012–2016)<br/>
|combatant3=<div style="width:120px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cafarella|first=Jennifer |year=2014 |title=Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/JN%20Final.pdf |publisher=Institute for the Study of War |journal=Middle East Security Report 25 |pages=8–46 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223070304/https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/JN%20Final.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2022 |location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/27/middleeast/deputy-al-qaeda-leader-killed/index.html|title=Deputy al Qaeda leader killed In Syria |publisher=CNN |last1=Alkhshali |first1=Hamdi |last2=Starr |first2=Barbara|date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006050042/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/27/middleeast/deputy-al-qaeda-leader-killed/index.html|archive-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><br/>
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front ]]<br/>(2012–2016)<br/>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] loyalists (2016-2018)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] loyalists (2016-2018)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg}} [[Hurras al-Din]]{{efn|Hurras al-Din (HaD) is the successor organization of Al-Nusra Front and the current branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria.}} <br/>(2018–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/u-s-targets-suspected-al-qaeda-leader-in-idlib-syria.php|title=U.S. targets suspected al Qaeda leader in Idlib, Syria|first=Thomas|last=Joscelyn |date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923042121/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/u-s-targets-suspected-al-qaeda-leader-in-idlib-syria.php|archive-date=23 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref></div>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg}} [[Hurras al-Din]]{{efn|Hurras al-Din (HaD) is the successor organization of Al-Nusra Front and the current branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria.}} <br/>(2018–present)</div>
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:
| title=Support:
| {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|size=22px}} [[Islamic State of Iraq]] (2012–2013)
| {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|size=22px}} [[Islamic State of Iraq]] (2012–2013)
}}
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<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon|ISIL|size=22px}} '''[[Islamic State]]'''<br />(2013–present)</div>
<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon|ISIL|size=22px}} '''[[Islamic State]]'''<br />(2013–present)</div>


|combatant4=<div style="width:103px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}}'''[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria| Autonomous <br/>Administration of North and East Syria]]''' ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]) (2012–present)</div>
|combatant4=<div style="width:103px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}}'''[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|Autonomous <br/>Administration of North and East Syria]]''' ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]) (2012–present)</div>
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2014–present)}}
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2014–present)}}
|1={{flag|Canada|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Operation IMPACT |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/operations/military-operations/current-operations/operation-impact.html |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/government-position-fighter-jets-1.3338186|title=Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight|publisher=CBC News |last=Barton|first=Rosemary |date=26 November 2015 |access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>
|1={{flag|Canada|size=22px}}<br/>
|2={{flag|France|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/europe/france-says-it-has-struck-at-isis-in-syria.html|title=France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria |date=28 September 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
|2={{flag|France|size=22px}}<br/>
|3={{flag|Iraq|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/iraq-air-force-bombs-isis-syria-first-time-n725171|title=Iraq Air Force Bombs ISIS in Syria for First Time}}</ref>
|3={{flag|Iraq|size=22px}}<br/>
|4={{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Middle East Monitor]]|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE send troops to support Kurds in Syria|date=22 November 2018|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20181122-saudi-arabia-uae-send-troops-to-support-kurds-in-syria/}}</ref>
|4={{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<br/>
|5={{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|quote=Along with their American counterparts, Emirati special forces are said to be training elements of the opposition. They constitute a kind of Arab guarantee among the Syrian Democratic Forces – an umbrella group dominated by the Kurds of the PYD, on whom the US are relying to fight IS on the ground.|work=[[Al-Araby Al-Jadeed]]|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2017/2/23/the-uae-has-it-in-for-the-muslim-brotherhood|title=The UAE has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood|date=22 February 2017}}</ref>
|5={{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}}<br/>
|6={{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}
|6={{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<br/>
|7={{flag|United States|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Ivan |last2=Tuysuz |first2=Gul |date=29 October 2014 |title=Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/29/world/us-newest-allies-syrian-kurds/index.html |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=A. Jaunger |date=30 July 2017 |title=US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria |agency=[[ARA News]] |via=Inside Syria Media Center |url=https://en.insidesyriamc.com/2017/07/30/us-increases-military-support-to-kurdish-led-forces-in-syria/ |access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref><br/>
|7={{flag|United States|size=22px}}<br/>
'''Non-state support:'''
'''Non-state support:'''
|10={{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg|size=22px}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]<ref name="pkk">{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/195385/|title=On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade|date=9 December 2020|publisher=SOHR}}</ref>}}
|10={{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg|size=22px}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]<ref name="pkk">{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/195385/|title=On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade|date=9 December 2020|publisher=SOHR}}</ref>}}
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{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2015–present)}}
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2015–present)}}
| {{flag|United States|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568|title=The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat|publisher=[[ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manson |first=Katrina |date=2017-05-18 |title=US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
| {{flag|United States|size=22px}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<ref name="test" /><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/british-special-forces-operating-inside-syria-alongside-rebels/ "British special forces 'operating inside Syria alongside rebels{{'"}}], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 6 June 2016</ref>
| {{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}
| {{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/05/31/new-syrian-army-americas-tip-spear-isis-syrian-desert/|title=The New Syrian Army: America's 'Tip of the Spear' Against ISIS in the Syrian Desert|first=Rao |last=Komar|date=31 May 2016|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131120/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/05/31/new-syrian-army-americas-tip-spear-isis-syrian-desert/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| {{flag|Norway|size=22px}}
| {{flag|Norway|size=22px}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
|title=Support:
|title=Support:
| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}} (2013–19)<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/in-syria-israel-secretly-armed-and-funded-12-rebel-groups-1.6462729|access-date=2021-01-09|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gross|first=Judah Ari|title=IDF chief finally acknowledges that Israel supplied weapons to Syrian rebels|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-chief-acknowledges-long-claimed-weapons-supply-to-syrian-rebels/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|Israel provided arms to 12 unnamed rebel groups solely against Iran and ISIS.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/in-syria-israel-secretly-armed-and-funded-12-rebel-groups-1.6462729|access-date=2021-01-09|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> Israel has also conducted multiple airstrikes against the Syrian government, Hezbollah, and Iranian positions within Syria.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al-Khalidi|first1=Suleiman|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-intensifying-air-war-syria-against-iranian-encroachment-2021-04-22/|title=Israel intensifying air war in Syria against Iranian encroachment|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>}}}}
| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}} (2013–19)
|commander1={{Plainlist|
}}
* {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Bashar al-Assad]]{{-}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|commander2=
----
|commander3=
----
|commander4={{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} [[Mazloum Abdi]] ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF Comdr.]])
}}
}}
}}
}}
{{Lifted|Wikipedia or}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

Latest revision as of 23:41, 17 October 2023

Syrian civil war
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 2 months and 5 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing, ceasefire since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
Main belligerents
 Iran
 Russia
(2015–present)
 Hezbollah
Support:

Notes

  1. ↑ HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent Islamist entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.

References

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