Syrian Civil War: Difference between revisions

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|place=[[Syria]] (with [[Spillover of the Syrian civil war|spillovers]] in neighboring countries)
|place=[[Syria]] (with [[Spillover of the Syrian civil war|spillovers]] in neighboring countries)
|status= [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]], [[ceasefire]] since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
|status= [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]], [[ceasefire]] since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
|territory=As of 31 March 2020: the [[Syrian Armed Forces]] held 63.57% of Syrian territories; [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]] 25.57%; rebel groups (incl. [[Tahrir al-Sham|HTS]]) & [[Turkey]] 9.72%; [[Islamic State]] 1.14%<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Suriyakmaps|number=1245062624779350017 |date=31 March 2020 |title=Syria-Irak-Yemen-Libya maps}}</ref>{{bcn|date= May 2023}}
|territory=


|combatants_header=[[Belligerents in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|Main belligerents]]
|combatants_header=[[Belligerents in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|Main belligerents]]
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| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:
| title=Support:
| {{flag|Iraq|size=22px}} (2017–2019){{efn|Iraq's involvement was coordinated with the Assad gov. & was only limited to airstrikes against IS.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karadsheh |first1=Jomana |last2=Alkhshali |first2=Hamdi |title=Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/24/middleeast/iraq-conducts-first-airstrikes-against-isis-in-syria/index.html |access-date=8 December 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Damascus allows Iraq to hit ISIL targets in Syria: State media |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/damascus-iraq-hit-isil-targets-syria-state-media-181230172409718.html |access-date=8 December 2022 |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=30 December 2018}}</ref>}}
| {{flag|Iraq|size=22px}} (2017–2019) </div>
}}


|combatant2=<div style="width:100px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Interim Government|Syrian<br />Interim Government]]''' ([[Syrian National Army]])<br/>'''{{flag|Turkey|size=22px}}''' (2016–present)
|combatant2=<div style="width:100px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Interim Government|Syrian<br />Interim Government]]''' ([[Syrian National Army]])<br/>'''{{flag|Turkey|size=22px}}''' (2016–present)
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:<!-- DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE. -->
| title=Support:
| {{flag|Qatar|size=22px}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-qatar-idUSKBN13L0X7|title=Qatar will help Syrian rebels even if Trump ends U.S. role|first1=William |last1=Maclean |first2=Tom |last2=Finn|date=27 November 2016|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|'''Former support:'''
|'''Former support:'''
| {{flag|France|1974|size=22px}} (2011–18)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.enca.com/hollande-confirms-french-delivery-arms-syrian-rebels|title=Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels|date=21 August 2014|access-date=25 January 2015|agency=AFP}}</ref>
| {{flag|France|1974|size=22px}} (2011–18)
| {{flag|Libya|size=22px}} (2013)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chivers |first1=C. J. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Mazzetti |first3=Mark |author-link1=C. J. Chivers |author-link2=Eric P. Schmitt |author-link3=Mark Mazzetti |title=In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/world/africa/in-a-turnabout-syria-rebels-get-libyan-weapons.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>
| {{flag|Libya|size=22px}} (2013)
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<br />(2012–17)<ref name="Saudi">{{cite news|work=[[The Guardian]]|quote=Returning from a summit in the Saudi capital last week, opposition leaders say they were told directly by the foreign minister, Adel al-Jubeir, that Riyadh was disengaging.|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/31/victory-for-assad-looks-increasingly-likely-as-world-loses-interest-in-syria|title=Victory for Assad looks increasingly likely as world loses interest in Syria|date=31 August 2017}}</ref>
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<br />(2011–18)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/02/british-troops-halt-training-syrian-rebels-world-powers-distance/|date=2 September 2017|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|title=Britain withdraws last of troops training Syrian rebels as world powers distance themselves from opposition}}</ref>
| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=22px}} [[United States]]<br />(2011–17)<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-usa-syria-idUSKBN1A42KC|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=19 July 2017}}</ref>}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=22px}} [[United States]]<br />(2011–17)
</div>
</div>
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<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Salvation Government|Syrian<br />Salvation Government]]''' ([[Tahrir al-Sham]], 2017–present){{efn| HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent [[Islamist]] entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-leader-calls-for-unity-in-syrian-insurgency.php|title=Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency|work=Long War Journal|first=Thomas|last=Joscelyn|date=10 February 2017|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216005715/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-leader-calls-for-unity-in-syrian-insurgency.php|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> After coming to power in Idlib, HTS banned Al-Qaeda activities in its territories:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hts-evolution-jihadist-group|title=HTS: Evolution of a Jihadi Group|work=Long War Journal|first=Christopher|last=Solomon|date=13 July 2022|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808015803/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hts-evolution-jihadist-group|archive-date=8 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>}}</div>
<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}} '''[[Syrian Salvation Government|Syrian<br />Salvation Government]]''' ([[Tahrir al-Sham]], 2017–present){{efn| HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent [[Islamist]] entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.</div>


<!--Only list notable Islamist groups; use talk page first-->
|combatant3=<div style="width:120px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front ]]<br/>(2012–2016)<br/>
|combatant3=<div style="width:120px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cafarella|first=Jennifer |year=2014 |title=Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/JN%20Final.pdf |publisher=Institute for the Study of War |journal=Middle East Security Report 25 |pages=8–46 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223070304/https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/JN%20Final.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2022 |location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/27/middleeast/deputy-al-qaeda-leader-killed/index.html|title=Deputy al Qaeda leader killed In Syria |publisher=CNN |last1=Alkhshali |first1=Hamdi |last2=Starr |first2=Barbara|date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006050042/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/27/middleeast/deputy-al-qaeda-leader-killed/index.html|archive-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><br/>
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front ]]<br/>(2012–2016)<br/>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] loyalists (2016-2018)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] loyalists (2016-2018)
{{flagicon image|Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg}} [[Hurras al-Din]]{{efn|Hurras al-Din (HaD) is the successor organization of Al-Nusra Front and the current branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria.}} <br/>(2018–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/u-s-targets-suspected-al-qaeda-leader-in-idlib-syria.php|title=U.S. targets suspected al Qaeda leader in Idlib, Syria|first=Thomas|last=Joscelyn |date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923042121/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/u-s-targets-suspected-al-qaeda-leader-in-idlib-syria.php|archive-date=23 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref></div>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg}} [[Hurras al-Din]]{{efn|Hurras al-Din (HaD) is the successor organization of Al-Nusra Front and the current branch of Al-Qaeda in Syria.}} <br/>(2018–present)</div>
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
| title=Support:
| title=Support:
| {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|size=22px}} [[Islamic State of Iraq]] (2012–2013)
| {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|size=22px}} [[Islamic State of Iraq]] (2012–2013)
}}
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<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon|ISIL|size=22px}} '''[[Islamic State]]'''<br />(2013–present)</div>
<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon|ISIL|size=22px}} '''[[Islamic State]]'''<br />(2013–present)</div>


|combatant4=<div style="width:103px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}}'''[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria| Autonomous <br/>Administration of North and East Syria]]''' ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]) (2012–present)</div>
|combatant4=<div style="width:103px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}}'''[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|Autonomous <br/>Administration of North and East Syria]]''' ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]) (2012–present)</div>
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2014–present)}}
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2014–present)}}
|1={{flag|Canada|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Operation IMPACT |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/operations/military-operations/current-operations/operation-impact.html |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/government-position-fighter-jets-1.3338186|title=Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight|publisher=CBC News |last=Barton|first=Rosemary |date=26 November 2015 |access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>
|1={{flag|Canada|size=22px}}<br/>
|2={{flag|France|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/europe/france-says-it-has-struck-at-isis-in-syria.html|title=France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria |date=28 September 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
|2={{flag|France|size=22px}}<br/>
|3={{flag|Iraq|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/iraq-air-force-bombs-isis-syria-first-time-n725171|title=Iraq Air Force Bombs ISIS in Syria for First Time}}</ref>
|3={{flag|Iraq|size=22px}}<br/>
|4={{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Middle East Monitor]]|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE send troops to support Kurds in Syria|date=22 November 2018|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20181122-saudi-arabia-uae-send-troops-to-support-kurds-in-syria/}}</ref>
|4={{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<br/>
|5={{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|quote=Along with their American counterparts, Emirati special forces are said to be training elements of the opposition. They constitute a kind of Arab guarantee among the Syrian Democratic Forces – an umbrella group dominated by the Kurds of the PYD, on whom the US are relying to fight IS on the ground.|work=[[Al-Araby Al-Jadeed]]|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2017/2/23/the-uae-has-it-in-for-the-muslim-brotherhood|title=The UAE has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood|date=22 February 2017}}</ref>
|5={{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}}<br/>
|6={{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}
|6={{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<br/>
|7={{flag|United States|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Ivan |last2=Tuysuz |first2=Gul |date=29 October 2014 |title=Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/29/world/us-newest-allies-syrian-kurds/index.html |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=A. Jaunger |date=30 July 2017 |title=US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria |agency=[[ARA News]] |via=Inside Syria Media Center |url=https://en.insidesyriamc.com/2017/07/30/us-increases-military-support-to-kurdish-led-forces-in-syria/ |access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref><br/>
|7={{flag|United States|size=22px}}<br/>
'''Non-state support:'''
'''Non-state support:'''
|10={{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg|size=22px}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]<ref name="pkk">{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/195385/|title=On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade|date=9 December 2020|publisher=SOHR}}</ref>}}
|10={{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg|size=22px}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]<ref name="pkk">{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/195385/|title=On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade|date=9 December 2020|publisher=SOHR}}</ref>}}
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{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2015–present)}}
|title=[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|22px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]<br />{{nobold|(2015–present)}}
| {{flag|United States|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568|title=The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat|publisher=[[ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manson |first=Katrina |date=2017-05-18 |title=US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
| {{flag|United States|size=22px}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<ref name="test" /><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/british-special-forces-operating-inside-syria-alongside-rebels/ "British special forces 'operating inside Syria alongside rebels{{'"}}], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 6 June 2016</ref>
| {{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}
| {{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/05/31/new-syrian-army-americas-tip-spear-isis-syrian-desert/|title=The New Syrian Army: America's 'Tip of the Spear' Against ISIS in the Syrian Desert|first=Rao |last=Komar|date=31 May 2016|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131120/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/05/31/new-syrian-army-americas-tip-spear-isis-syrian-desert/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| {{flag|Norway|size=22px}}
| {{flag|Norway|size=22px}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
|title=Support:
|title=Support:
| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}} (2013–19)<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/in-syria-israel-secretly-armed-and-funded-12-rebel-groups-1.6462729|access-date=2021-01-09|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gross|first=Judah Ari|title=IDF chief finally acknowledges that Israel supplied weapons to Syrian rebels|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-chief-acknowledges-long-claimed-weapons-supply-to-syrian-rebels/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|Israel provided arms to 12 unnamed rebel groups solely against Iran and ISIS.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/in-syria-israel-secretly-armed-and-funded-12-rebel-groups-1.6462729|access-date=2021-01-09|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> Israel has also conducted multiple airstrikes against the Syrian government, Hezbollah, and Iranian positions within Syria.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al-Khalidi|first1=Suleiman|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-intensifying-air-war-syria-against-iranian-encroachment-2021-04-22/|title=Israel intensifying air war in Syria against Iranian encroachment|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>}}}}
| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}} (2013–19)
|commander1={{Plainlist|
}}
* {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Bashar al-Assad]]{{-}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|commander2=
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|commander3=
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|commander4={{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} [[Mazloum Abdi]] ([[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF Comdr.]])
}}
}}
|strength1=[[Syrian Armed Forces]]: 142,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria|title=Syria military strength |publisher=Global Fire Power|date=8 July 2019}}</ref><br />[[General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)|General Intelligence Directorate]]: 8,000<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx|title=Syria's diminished security forces|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=28 August 2013|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref><br />National Defense Force: 80,000<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Analysis/2014/Jun-16/260266-isis-iraq-offensive-could-trigger-hezbollah-to-fill-gap-left-in-syria.ashx ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria] ''[[The Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]'', 16 June 2014</ref><br />Liwa Fatemiyoun: 10,000–20,000 (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/mission-accomplished-whats-next-irans-afghan-fighters-syria/ |title=Mission Accomplished? What's Next for Iran's Afghan Fighters in Syria |author=Ahmad Shuja Jamal |work=War on the Rocks |date=13 February 2018 |access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref><br />Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas: 10,000+(2013)<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|title=Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/04/syria-islamic-sunni-shia-shrines-volunteers|work=The Guardian|date=4 June 2013|access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref><br />Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000<br />Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000–8,000<br />Russia: 4,000 troops<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russias-syria-force-has-reportedly-grown-to-4000-people-2015-11|title=Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people|work=Business Insider}}</ref> & 1,000 contractors<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/up-to-nine-russian-contractors-die-in-syria-experts-say-1450467757|title=Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say|first=Thomas|last=Grove|date=18 December 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><br /><br/>Iran: 3,000–5,000<ref name="legion">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-foreign-legion-leads-battle-in-syrias-north-1455672481|title=Iran 'Foreign Legion' Leads Battle in Syria's North|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=17 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-state-of-the-art-technology-gives-president-assad-s-army-the-edge-a6898741.html|title=State-of-the-art technology is giving Assad's army the edge in Syria|website=[[The Independent]]|date=26 February 2016}}</ref><br />Iranian forces:up to 15,000<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Turner |editor1-first=Mandy |editor2-last=Kühn |editor2-first=Florian P. |last=Phillips |first=Christopher |title=The Politics of International Intervention: The Tyranny of Peace|date=2022 |publisher=Springer |location=New York, N.Y.|page=266|isbn=978-1-138-89127-2|chapter=13: Intervention and non-intervention in the Syria Crisis}}</ref><br/>Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000<ref name="legion" /><br />Other allied groups: 20,000+
{{Lifted|Wikipedia or}}
|strength2=[[Free Syrian Army]]: 20,000–32,000<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/graphic-the-most-accurate-breakdown-of-the-syrian-rebels-2013-9|title=Here's The Extremist-To-Moderate Spectrum Of The 100,000 Syrian Rebels|work=Business Insider}}</ref> (2013)<br />[[Syrian Islamic Front]]: 40,000–70,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/03/04/islamic_front_isis_syria|title=Front to Back|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Cockburn|first=Patrick|title=West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=11 December 2013}}</ref> (2014)<br />Other groups: 12,500<ref name="Guardian70K">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/30/70000-syrian-fighters-david-cameron-islamic-state-airstrikes Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on?]. Retrieved 18 February 2016.</ref> (2015)<br />[[Turkish Armed Forces]]: 4,000–8,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yenisafak.com/dunya/8-bin-asker-emir-bekliyor-2591721|title=8 bin asker emir bekliyor|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|date=5 January 2017|website=Yeni Şafak}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://aranews.net/2017/01/us-assistant-secretary-of-defense-tells-turkey-only-isis-a-target-not-kurds/|title=US Assistant Secretary of Defense tells Turkey only ISIS is a target, not Kurds|date=16 January 2017|publisher=ARA News}}</ref>
==Notes==
----
{{notelist}}
[[Ahrar al-Sham]]: 18,000–20,000+<ref name="killing ground">{{cite news |url=http://www.atimes.com/article/syrias-idlib-groomed-islamist-killing-ground/|title=Is Syria's Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?|work=Asia Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/03/15/al-qaeda-is-swallowing-the-syrian-opposition/|title=Al Qaeda Is Starting to Swallow the Syrian Opposition|work=Foreign Policy|date=15 March 2017}}</ref> (March 2017)
==References==
----
{{Reflist}}
[[Tahrir al-Sham]]: 20,000–30,000 (per U.S., late 2018)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-dunford/top-u-s-general-warns-against-major-assault-on-syrias-idlib-idUKKCN1LK1JY|title=Top U.S. general warns against major assault on Syria's Idlib|first=Phil|last=Stewart|date=4 September 2018|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|strength3= Islamic State: 10,000+ (in Syria and Iraq, 2022) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/2022/syria-in-isiss-strategy/ |title=Syria in ISIS’s Strategy – Can ISIS be defeated without a solution in Syria?|date=11 October 2022|publisher=The Henry L. Stimson Center}}</ref>
|strength4=[[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]]: 60,000–75,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=7}}
* YPG & YPJ: 20,000–30,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=16}}
* Syriac Military Council (MFS): 1,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=53}}
* Al-Sanadid Forces: 2,000–4,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=53}}
* SDF Military Councils: 10,000+<ref name="spokesman">{{cite news |url=http://aranews.net/2016/06/us-coalition-spokesman-arabs-leading-manbij-campaign-not-kurds/|title=US coalition spokesman: Arabs are leading Manbij campaign, not Kurds |publisher=ARA News|date=4 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="bastion">{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/us-backed-syrian-rebels-advance-bastion-085127312.html|title=US-backed fighters close in on IS Syria bastion|agency=AFP|access-date=6 June 2016|date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="soon">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-deiralzor-idUSKCN1B516W|title=U.S.-backed forces to attack Syria's Deir al-Zor soon: SDF official|publisher=Reuters|author=Rodi Said|date=25 August 2017}}</ref>
[[United States Armed Forces]]:<br />900<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/31/politics/us-bolsters-forces-middle-east/index.html|title=US bolsters forces in Middle East following series of attacks on US troops in Syria|first=Oren |last=Liebermann|date=March 31, 2023|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
|casualties1={{flagdeco|Syria|size=23px}} '''Syrian Arab Republic:'''<br />91,929–104,332 soldiers & 67,349 militiamen killed<ref name="SOHR">{{cite web|date=15 March 2023|title= نحو 614 ألف شخص قضوا وقتلوا واستشهدوا منذ اندلاع الثورة السورية في آذار 2011 |url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-614-%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%81-%d8%b4%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%af%d9%88/593961/|publisher=[[SOHR]]}}</ref><ref name="SOHR1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=8103|title=Tantalizing promises of Bashar al- Assad kill more than 11000 fighters of his forces during 5 months.|date=17 December 2014|publisher=SOHR |access-date=15 December 2016}}</ref><br />4,100 soldiers/militiamen & 1,800 supporters captured<ref name="SOHR" /><br />[[File:InfoboxHez.PNG|23px|border]] '''Hezbollah:'''<br />1,736–2,000 killed<ref name="SOHR" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soufangroup.com/intelbrief-on-balance-hezbollah-has-benefited-from-the-syrian-conflict/|title=On Balance, Hezbollah Has Benefited from the Syrian Conflict|publisher=The Soufan Group|access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref><br />{{flagicon|Russia}} '''Russia:'''<br />137–160 [[Russian Armed Forces casualties in Syria|soldiers killed]] & 266–284 [[Wagner Group#Casualties and awards|PMCs killed]]<ref>151–201 killed (2015–17),[https://www.thedailybeast.com/a-russian-blackwater-putins-secret-soldiers-in-ukraine-and-syria][https://www.inopressa.ru/article/14Dec2017/spiegel/vagner01.html][https://news.vtomske.ru/news/150657-eshche-odin-dobrovolec-iz-tomskoi-oblasti-pogib-v-sirii] 14–64 killed ([[Battle of Khasham]], Feb. 2018),[https://www.pravda.ru/news/world/1371126-troshev/][https://ssu.gov.ua/en/news/1/category/2/view/5693#.NTRLLcQI.dpbs] 18 killed (May 2018 – June 2019),[https://www.yahoo.com/news/26-syria-regime-9-russia-fighters-killed-attack-113110297.html][https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2018/11/06/six-russian-mercenaries-killed-syria-blast-reports-a63403][https://www.uawire.org/russian-officer-killed-in-syria][https://dostup1.ru/society/Dobrovolets-iz-Chelyabinska-pogib-v-Sirii-podorvavshis-na-mine_114812.html][http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=125124][https://meduza.io/en/feature/2019/07/29/three-russian-mercenaries-are-killed-in-syria-and-they-re-not-from-the-pmc-you-ve-heard-of] total of 183–283 reported dead</ref><br />'''Other non-Syrian fighters:'''<br />8,700+ killed<ref name="SOHR" /> (2,300–3,500+ [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]]-led)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/irgc-strategist-hassan-abbasi-praises-iranian-parents-who-handed-over-their-oppositionist|title=IRGC Strategist Hassan Abbasi Praises Iranian Parents Who Handed Over Their Oppositionist Children For Execution: Educating People To This Level Is The Pinnacle Of The Islamic Republic's Achievement; Adds: 2,300 Iranians Have Been Killed In Syria War|publisher=MEMRI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldorar.com/node/114111|title=عميد إيراني يكشف عن إحصائية بأعداد قتلى بلاده في سوريا|first=محرر الدرر|last=الشامية|date=30 August 2017|publisher=الدرر الشامية|access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref><br />'''Total:'''<br />170,045–182,777 killed
|casualties2= {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} '''Syrian Interim Government'''<br/>
{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}} '''Syrian Salvation Government:'''<br />111,927–152,524 killed<ref name="SOHR" /><ref name="SOHR1" />
----
{{flagicon|Turkey}} '''Turkey:'''<br />256–313 [[Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria|killed]] ([[Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war#Turkey's military intervention in Syria|2016–20 incursions]])<ref>72 killed in [[Operation Euphrates Shield]], 61–96 killed in [[Operation Olive Branch]], 70–84 killed in [[Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate|Idlib buffer zone]], 18 killed in [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Operation Peace Spring]], 16–24 killed after Operation Spring Shield, 2 killed after Operation Euphates Shield, total of 239–296 reported killed (for more details see [[Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria|here]])</ref>
|casualties3= {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=22px}} '''Islamic State:'''<br /> 41,266 killed<ref name="SOHR" />
|casualties4= {{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}} '''NES:'''<br />14,334 killed<ref name="SOHR" /><br />
{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers_Party_(PKK).svg}} '''[[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]''':<br />3,200+ killed<ref name="pkk" />
----
{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|border=}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]:'''<br />13 killed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16-news-article4910.html|title=Pilot killed as U.S. F-16 crashes in Jordan}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31129416|title=Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear|date=4 February 2015|publisher=BBC News}}<br />{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836|title=US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia|date=27 May 2017|publisher=ABC News}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/coalition-personnel-killed-ied-syria/story?id=54118440|title=US identifies American service member killed by IED in Syria|date=27 May 2017|publisher=ABC News}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20170923-french-soldier-killed-iraq-syria-military-zone|title=French soldier killed in Iraq-Syria military zone, Élysée Palace says|date=27 May 2017|publisher=France24}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/16/politics/syria-attack-us-patrolled-city/index.html|title=4 Americans among those killed in Syria attack claimed by ISIS|date=27 May 2017|publisher=CNN}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=126569l|title=Mystery surrounds the killing of a US soldier in the countryside of Ayn al-Arab (Kobani) amid accusations against Turkey of targeting him|date=2 May 2019|publisher=Syrian Observatory of Human Rights}}<br />{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836|title=US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia|date=27 May 2017|publisher=ABC News}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/25/army-identifies-antonio-moore-soldier-killed-syria/|title=Army identifies U.S. soldier killed in Syria|date=27 January 2020|newspaper=The Washington Times}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/508654-pentagon-identifies-us-soldier-killed-in-syria|title=Pentagon identifies US soldier killed in Syria|work=The Hill|date=23 July 2020}}</ref> ({{flagicon|United States}} 10, {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} 1, {{flagicon|France}} 1, {{flagicon|Jordan}} 1)
|units1={{center|[[Belligerents in the Syrian civil war#Opposing forces|See Order of Battle]]}}
|notes=<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
At least '''306,887''' civilians killed (per [[United Nations]])<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10 |title=UN: UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict
|date=28 June 2022 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref><br /><br />'''100''' [[Casualties of the Syrian civil war#Foreign soldiers killed|other foreign soldiers]] killed ({{flagicon|Lebanon}} 60, {{flagicon|Turkey}} 17 (pre-2016), {{flagicon|Iraq}} 16, {{flagicon|Jordan}} 7)
----
'''[[Casualties of the Syrian civil war|
Total killed:]]'''
<br> '''503,064–613,407+''' (per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]])<ref name="SOHR" />
<br> '''580,000+''' (per GCR2P)<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-date=28 January 2023 |publisher=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect}}</ref>
----
Estimated '''6.7 million''' [[Internally displaced person|internally displaced]] & '''6.6 million''' [[Refugees of the Syrian civil war|refugees]] (March 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html|title=Syria emergency|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)}}</ref></div>
----
{{Notelist}}
}}{{Documentation}}
<references />

Latest revision as of 23:41, 17 October 2023

Syrian civil war
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 2 months and 5 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing, ceasefire since 6 March 2020, with sporadic clashes
Main belligerents
 Iran
 Russia
(2015–present)
 Hezbollah
Support:

Notes

  1. ↑ HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS identifies itself as a new and independent Islamist entity free from all the previous factional affiliations.

References

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