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'''Marxism–Leninism''' is a [[Communism (ideology)|communist]] tendency developed by [[Joseph Stalin]] as a continuation of [[Leninism|Leninist]] theory. Its creation came about during a period when competing factions within the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet]] leadership attempted to establish their legitimacy as [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin's]] political successors following his death. Soviet leaders such as [[Leon Trotsky]], [[Grigory Zinoviev]], and Joseph Stalin wrote works developing the concept of a specifically Leninist ideology. Stalin coined the term to describe an ideology which considers Lenin's political thought to be a necessary development of [[Marxism]], and made the term popular through his 1938 work ''[[The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)]]''. It was the official ideology of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]] and other [[Socialist state|socialist states]]. | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
{{hatnote|See also: [[Leninism]]}} | {{hatnote|See also: [[Leninism]]}} | ||
Line 6: | Line 8: | ||
<br>(Bolshevization campaign) | <br>(Bolshevization campaign) | ||
<br>(consolidation of Marxism-Leninism)--> | <br>(consolidation of Marxism-Leninism)--> | ||
== | ==Ideology== | ||
[[File:Foundations of Leninism.jpg|thumb|Joseph Stalin's ''[[Foundations of Leninism]]'' was originally a series a lectures delivered in 1924. This text would begin the creation of a new official Marxism and establish an ideological line between Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin.|left]] | |||
=== Democratic centralism === | === Democratic centralism === | ||
{{hatnote|Main article: [[Democratic centralism]]}} | {{hatnote|Main article: [[Democratic centralism]]}} | ||
A | A Marxist–Leninist party is organized according to [[democratic centralism]]. This means that first the party democratically decides something, and then all members are required to follow that decision and not work against it. If members still disagree with the decision, they are expected to request to discuss the issue again, not to form a faction or another party. | ||
=== Vanguard party === | |||
{{Main|Vanguard party}} | |||
=== Intensification of class struggle under socialism === | |||
{{Main|Intensification of class struggle under socialism}} | |||
=== Socialist commodity production === | |||
=== Analysis of imperialism === | |||
=== Anti-revisionism === | |||
{{Main|Anti-revisionism}} | |||
=== The national question (national liberation and the right of nations to self-determination) === | |||
=== Socialism in one country === | === Socialism in one country === | ||
<!--(socialism in one country)--> | {{Main|Socialism in one country}}<!--(socialism in one country)--> | ||
=== Political economy, crises and revolution === | === Political economy, crises and revolution === | ||
<!--(political economy, crises, & revolution)--> | <!--(political economy, crises, & revolution)--> | ||
=== The lower | === The lower and higher phases of communism === | ||
<!--(the lower phase of communism aka socialism)--> | <!--(the lower phase of communism aka socialism)--> | ||
== Other | ==Other forms== | ||
=== | === Mao Zedong Thought === | ||
{{hatnote|Main article: [[ | {{hatnote|Main article: [[Mao Zedong Thought]]}} | ||
=== | === Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism === | ||
{{hatnote|Main article: [[ | {{hatnote|Main article: [[Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism]]}} | ||
Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism is often called "Hoxhaism", but this label is incorrect. Hoxhaists are Leninist–Stalinists.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2010-02-27 |title=Revolutionary Spirit: The Marxist-Leninist Guide to Leftist Factions |url=http://revolutionaryspiritapl.blogspot.com/2010/02/variants-of-revisionism-marxism_27.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Revolutionary Spirit}}</ref>{{Better source needed}}{{Disputed inline|Talk page section|date=April 2023}} | |||
=== Ho Chi Minh Thought === | === Ho Chi Minh Thought === | ||
{{hatnote|Main article:[[Ho Chi Minh Thought]]}} | {{hatnote|Main article:[[Ho Chi Minh Thought]]}} | ||
== | ==Criticism== | ||
{{hatnote|Main article: [[Criticisms of Marxism-Leninism]]}} | {{hatnote|Main article: [[Criticisms of Marxism-Leninism]]}} | ||
Marxist critics argue that | Marxist critics argue that Marxism–Leninism works from the assumption that the Soviet Union was a socialist society and use this as reference point to navigate both political theory and practice. The consequence of this being that Marxism–Leninism is reconciled with bourgeois concepts such as the nation-state and nationalism. The most common criticism of Marxism–Leninism from Trotskyists is that rather than seeking to spread the socialist revolution throughout the world through direct revolutionary action, hence pursuing "Proletarian Internationalism," Stalin instead only assisted existing socialist revolutions, believing that the Soviet Union was the only country in the world capable of achieving socialism due to the success of its own revolution, and actually enacted a foreign policy of "peaceful coexistence" with the Western capitalist powers. {{cn}} Stalin named this theory "[[socialism in one country]]". | ||
===Trotsky=== | ===Trotsky=== | ||
<!--(Trotskyism aka Bolshevik-Leninism) | <!--(Trotskyism aka Bolshevik-Leninism) | ||
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<br>https://libcom.org/library/revolutionary-alternative-left-wing-politics | <br>https://libcom.org/library/revolutionary-alternative-left-wing-politics | ||
<br>''The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)'' (1938) | <br>''The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)'' (1938) | ||
[[Category:Leninism]] | |||
[[Category:Tendencies]] | [[Category:Tendencies]] | ||
<references /> | <references />{{Ltbox}} | ||
[[Category:Left-wing ideologies]] |
Latest revision as of 14:38, 22 March 2024
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Marxism–Leninism is a communist tendency developed by Joseph Stalin as a continuation of Leninist theory. Its creation came about during a period when competing factions within the Soviet leadership attempted to establish their legitimacy as Lenin's political successors following his death. Soviet leaders such as Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, and Joseph Stalin wrote works developing the concept of a specifically Leninist ideology. Stalin coined the term to describe an ideology which considers Lenin's political thought to be a necessary development of Marxism, and made the term popular through his 1938 work The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks). It was the official ideology of the Soviet Union and other socialist states.
Background
Ideology
Democratic centralism
A Marxist–Leninist party is organized according to democratic centralism. This means that first the party democratically decides something, and then all members are required to follow that decision and not work against it. If members still disagree with the decision, they are expected to request to discuss the issue again, not to form a faction or another party.
Vanguard party
Intensification of class struggle under socialism
Socialist commodity production
Analysis of imperialism
Anti-revisionism
The national question (national liberation and the right of nations to self-determination)
Socialism in one country
Political economy, crises and revolution
The lower and higher phases of communism
Other forms
Mao Zedong Thought
Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism
Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism is often called "Hoxhaism", but this label is incorrect. Hoxhaists are Leninist–Stalinists.[1][better source needed][disputed ]
Ho Chi Minh Thought
Criticism
Marxist critics argue that Marxism–Leninism works from the assumption that the Soviet Union was a socialist society and use this as reference point to navigate both political theory and practice. The consequence of this being that Marxism–Leninism is reconciled with bourgeois concepts such as the nation-state and nationalism. The most common criticism of Marxism–Leninism from Trotskyists is that rather than seeking to spread the socialist revolution throughout the world through direct revolutionary action, hence pursuing "Proletarian Internationalism," Stalin instead only assisted existing socialist revolutions, believing that the Soviet Union was the only country in the world capable of achieving socialism due to the success of its own revolution, and actually enacted a foreign policy of "peaceful coexistence" with the Western capitalist powers. [citation needed] Stalin named this theory "socialism in one country".
Trotsky
Bordiga
Paul Mattick
References
http://en.internationalism.org/ir/96/leninists
https://isreview.org/issue/93/zinovievism-and-degeneration-world-communism
https://archive.org/details/25ZinovievLeninizm
https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/ni/vol10/no03/trotsky.htm
https://libcom.org/library/revolutionary-alternative-left-wing-politics
The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (1938)
- ↑ "Revolutionary Spirit: The Marxist-Leninist Guide to Leftist Factions". Revolutionary Spirit. 2010-02-27. Retrieved 2023-01-08.