Syncretic politics

Militants of the National Bolshevik Party in Russia, a major syncretic movement.

Syncretic politics are a category of ideologies that apply characteristics from the far-left and the far-right, often in the form of maintaining socialistic economics while culturally and socially reactionary positions.

List of syncretic ideologies

National Bolshevism

Main article: National Bolshevism

National Bolshevism combines ultranationalism and (in most instances) racism with a Stalin-era economic and political model. National Bolshevism has been mostly considered an internet meme but exists, particularly in Russia, as a real movement. National Bolshevism started in Weimar Germany from Karl Otto Paetel when he published a book known as the National Bolshevist Manifesto. The most well-known iteration of National Bolshevism was popularised by Eduard Limonov and Aleksandr Dugin within the context of post-Soviet Russia.

National Bolshevism has existed in various and often contradictory iterations throughout the 20th century. For example, the National Bolshevism of Paetel ("Paetelism") rejected Marxism–Leninism in addition to Nazism and fascism, whereas the National Bolshevism (and the memetic "National Bolshevism") of the Russian National Bolshevik Party during the late 20th and early 21st centuries adopted elements of both.

Prussian socialism

Prussian socialism maintains 19th century German nationalism and claims to be economically socialist. This ideology could be described as a precursor to Strasserism and Paetelist National Bolshevism.

The Fourth Political Theory

The Fourth Political Theory is an ultranationalist ideology developed by Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin. The Fourth Political Theory, also known as neo-Eurasiaism, believes in a unified Eurasian state consisting of the continents of Europe and Asia.

National Syndicalism

National Syndicalism is a class collaborationist and a culturally right wing ideology, based upon the beliefs and thinking of Georges Sorel. It opposes capitalism, liberalism, and atheism. National Syndicalism was originally a socialist ideology but would later develop into a form of fascism.

Nazi Maoism

"Nazi Maoism" is an ideology that originates from a movement known as "Struggle of the People" which was started in Italy in 1968. Nazi Maoism still largely believes in the Maoist guerrilla strategy of people's war, of which they aim to use in order to overthrow the government. After which they will establish a "fascist-socialist" state.

Peronism

Main article: Peronism

Peronism, also known as justicialism, comes from Argentine ruler Juan Perón. Peronism maintains strongly anti-communist, paternalist, and authoritarian features while still seeking certain aspects of social democracy. This ideology has been viewed as an example of quasi-fascism.

Gaddafism

Gaddafiism also known as Third International Theory is an ideology that comes from the beliefs of former Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi. It believes in a mixed economy with a democratic state and contains ultranationalism and some similarities to Ba'athism and other forms of Arab socialism.

Syrian Social Nationalism

Syrian Social Nationalism is an ideology which aims to nationalise the region of the Levant and Mesopotamia to create a unitary and centralised Social Nationalist state within the geographical boundaries of the Fertile Crescent, also referred to as Greater Syria. Syrian Social Nationalism founded by Antoun Saadeh who was both an anti-communist and anti-capitalist, advocating for an economic third position. Antoun Saadeh was very philosophical, culturally right-wing and places a large emphasis on hierarchy, authority and order. Historically, it has been a revolutionary ideology opposing European colonialism and Zionism, going as far using suicide bombers against Israeli military targets. Saadeh believes in equality and secularism.

National Anarchism

National anarchism is an ultranationalist ideology which advocates racial separatism, racial nationalism, and ethnonationalism. National anarchists claim to syncretize neotribal ethnic nationalism with philosophical anarchism, mainly in their support for a stateless society while rejecting left-wing anarchist social philosophy. The main ideological innovation of national anarchism is its anti-state palingenetic ultranationalism. National-anarchists advocate homogeneous communities in place of the nation state. National-anarchists claim that those of different ethnic or racial groups would be free to develop separately in their own tribal communes while striving to be politically meritocratic, economically non-capitalist, ecologically sustainable and socially and culturally traditional. National-Anarchism opposes both Marxism and Capitalism instead going for autonomous communes that should be run in a mutualist style.

Mladorossism

Mladorossism advocates for a Russian Monarchy under a Soviet-style system with a socialist economy. Mladorossism comes from the Russian political group "Union of Mladorossi"

Ethnocacerism

Ethnocacerismo is based on a radical Indigenism that has a socialist government led by indigenous people, and also places a lot of emphasis on the racial supremacy of the indigenous peoples and a strong military. The ideology comes from a movement in Peru that was started in 1987 called "Ethnocacerist movement".

Black Lilyism

Black Lilyism is an ideology that comes from French political movement Black Black Lilyism is an Anarchist monarchist ideology that is economically agrarian socialist. Black Lylism promotes the return to a heavily decentralized agrarian monarchy and the destruction of all forms of modernism and modernity claiming that modern technology aims to enslave people.Black Lylism want to restrict technology by banning them. Black lilysm claims to be promoting a vision of so-called “Hyper France” and to defend the concept of “Ancient man” meaning a pre-modern society man.

Patriotic Socialism

Main article: Patriotic Socialism

An ideology which is almost exclusive to the United States, followers of this trend seek to use extreme American nationalism and chauvinism to apply their highly petite-bourgeois understanding of socialism to the material conditions of the USA. "Patriotic Socialists" (often known as Patsocs, similar to how "National Socialists" are known as Nazis) believe that most, if not all of the current socialist organizations in the United States have yielded to the interests of ruling "globalists" and are therefore no longer revolutionary. Similar to other far-righters, Patsocs often call the existing communist movement "leftist", and view themselves as not being rightists, but being of the "Golden Stalinist Center", i.e., a third position. Despite this, "Patriotic Socialism" and particularly its subideologies such as "MAGA Communism" maintain most of the reactionary positions of the far-right, including homophobia, transphobia, anti-indigenous sentiment, anti-semitism, etc., and seek to preserve private ownership of the means of production while simply removing the "bad" elites and replacing them with the "good" ones, and otherwise embracing petite-bourgeois ideology.

Notable syncretic political organizations

Russia

National Bolshevik Party

Main article: National Bolshevik Party

Eduard Limonov and other National Bolsheviks during a demonstration. National Bolsheviks combined both revolutionary and reactionary phraseology and aesthetics.

The National Bolshevik Party was an unregistered Russian syncretic political party which existed from 1993 to 2007. Being founded by largely reactionary figures such as Eduard Limonov and Aleksandr Dugin, the party attempting to attract followers via exploiting far-right counter-culture while also using neo-Soviet and other socialist symbols, taking advantage of post-Soviet nostalgia. Positioning itself as an "opposition patriotic-left" organization, the party gained attention and influence during the rise of Putin to leadership in the Russian Federation in the 2000s, often practicing direct action and otherwise participating in demonstrations against the state. The party was declared an extremist organization and banned in 2007 by Russian state courts.

See also

• List of fascist ideologies
• Far-right politics